Human Diseases L1: CVD1 Atherosclerosis & Risk factors Flashcards
usually a combination of medication is required to reach a blood pressure below 140/90
how do calcium channel blockers work and give an example one
Calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure by widening your blood vessels.
Common examples are amlodipine, felodipine and nifedipine. Other medicines, such as diltiazem and verapamil, are also available.
Atherosclerosis is a multi system disorder, because it affects different parts of the body.
where would atherosclerosis be present if it resulted in a: Aortic atheroma
Aorta
Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis
the accumulation of the fibrous tissue and lipids results in the formation of a ……………………?
Atheromatus/atherosclerotic plaque
a ………….. is a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there.
thrombus
Atherosclerosis is a multi system disorder, because it affects different parts of the body.
where would atherosclerosis be present if it resulted in a: Cerebral infarction
Brain
Atherosclerosis is a multi system disorder, because it affects different parts of the body.
where would atherosclerosis be present if it resulted in a: cerebral vascular disease
Brain
Atherosclerosis is a multi system disorder, because it affects different parts of the body.
where would atherosclerosis be present if it resulted in a: claudication
Arms/Legs (peripheral claudication)
what are the three non modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis
- genetic predisposition
- increasing age
- sex (male>female)
Atherosclerosis is a multi system disorder, because it affects different parts of the body.
where would atherosclerosis be present if it resulted in a: renal vascular disease
Kidneys
the continual development of a atherosclerotic plaque, increases the shear stress at the site, resulting in a rupture.
the rupture has the potential to form what?
plaque rupture causes a thrombus to form over the plaque
a blood pressure of ? > 140/90 indicates what
high blood pressure
usually a combination of medication is required to reach a blood pressure below 140/90
how do Angiotensin II inhibitors work and give an example one
ARBs work in a similar way to ACE inhibitors. (relax blood vessels)
They’re often recommended if ACE inhibitors cause troublesome side effects
Common examples are candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan and olmesartan.
Atherosclerosis is a multi system disorder, because it affects different parts of the body.
where would atherosclerosis be present if it resulted in a: Myocardio infarction
Heart
Atherosclerosis is a multi system disorder, because it affects different parts of the body.
where would atherosclerosis be present if it resulted in a: gut ischemia
gut
blood pressure is stated as systolic/diastolic i.e 115/70
what does systolic and diastolic measure
systolic - heart pumping
diastolic - heart relaxing
what is the main CAUSE of vascular disease in the developed world
atherosclerosis
usually a combination of medication is required to reach a blood pressure below 140/90
how do ACE inhibitors work and give an example one
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce blood pressure by relaxing your blood vessels.
Common examples are enalapril, lisinopril, perindopril and ramipril.
is a condition in which the blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body/tissue.
what condition is being described
Ischemia
what is the target blood pressure reading for the over-80s
150/90 mmHg
the formation of a thrombus can block an artery, which leads to symptoms of infarction
what is the difference between ischemia and infarction
Ischemia denotes diminished volume of perfusion, while infarction is the cellular response to lack of perfusion (tissue necrosis)
what is the main pathological process causing cardiovascular disease
atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis
atherosclerosis is initiated by the damage of what?
endothelial cells lining the blood vessels
Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis
chronic inflamation results in the accumulation of ……………. and ………………… at the site of damage
lipids
fibrous tissue
what are the 6 modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis
- smoking
- high blood pressure
3 high cholesterol
- diabetes mellitus
- overweight/obesity
- harmful use of alcohol
which drugs help with high cholesterol
statins
Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis
overtime the continued endothelial damage results in chronic ………….?
inflamation
usually a combination of medication is required to reach a blood pressure below 140/90
how do Beta blockers work and give an example one
Beta blockers can reduce blood pressure by making your heart beat more slowly and with less force.
Common examples are atenolol and bisoprolol.
Atherosclerosis is a multi system disorder, because it affects different parts of the body.
where would atherosclerosis be present if it resulted in a: ischemic heart disease
heart
usually a combination of medication is required to reach a blood pressure below 140/90
how do Diuretics work and give an example one
Sometimes known as water pills, diuretics work by flushing excess water and salt from the body through your pee.
Common examples are indapamide and bendroflumethiazide.
risk factors of atherosclerosis is broken down to two groups, what are they?
non modifiable and modifiable risk factors
An ……………… is a clot that travels from the site where it formed to another location in the body.
embolism
a systolic and diastolic reading of ……………… would cause a hypertension red flag warning
>160/100
match the right drugs to their classes.
drugs
simvastatin
ramipril
atenolol
olmesartan
amlodipine
bendroflumethiazide
classes
angiotensin II Inhibitors
Beta Blockers
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
Statins
Diuretics
simvastatin - Statins
ramipril - ACE inhibitors
atenolol - Beta Blockers
olmesartan - angiotensin II Inhibitors
amlodipine - Calcium channel blockers
bendroflumethiazide - Diuretics
