Human disease L42: Sjogren's disease

Question 1

these factors may contribute or cause dry mouth

depression

anxiety

hypochondiasis

what these factors characterised as

Answer 1

psychogenic factors

Question 2

sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that affects parts of the body that produce what?

Answer 2

Sjögren’s (pronounced show-grins) syndrome is a condition that affects parts of the body that produce fluids, like tears and spit (saliva).

Question 3

what would you expect to see when inspecting a positive labial gland biopsy

Answer 3

you would expect to see lymphocytes clustered around the saivary glands and damage of these gands

Question 4

what are the diagnostic criteria for sjogren’s syndrome

Answer 4

require serological markers (antibodies)

and/or

positive labial gland biopsy

Question 5

if there is residual gland function what drug would be given to manage the symptoms of sjogren’s syndrome

Answer 5

pilocarpine (oral; 5mg tablets; up to four times daily)

Question 6

• Orthana - oral spray
• Glandosane – oral spray
• Saliveze -carboxymethylcellulose
• BioXtra/Biotene – gel
• Salinum – based on Linseed Oil

the above medications are examples of what and used for the treatment of which condition

Answer 6

the drugs are examples of artificial saliva and used in the treatment of xerostomia

Question 7

if a patient can not manage the usage of artificial saliva then they will be given salivary stimulants.

give four examples of salivary stimulants

Answer 7

salivix pastilles

sugar free gum

sugar free sweets

salivary stimulant tablets

Question 8

artificial saliva should have a pH of what

Answer 8

Neutral pH

Question 9

saliva orthana is a oral spray used as an artificial saliva, it contains 3 things which help with managing xerostomia, what are they

Answer 9

gastric mucin

xylitol

NaF (sodium fluoride)

Question 10

the management of xerostomia can be managed by the use of BioXtra/Biotene which is a gel, which contains lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin and xylitol

where is this gel applied

Answer 10

applied to the gums and the tongue

Question 11

glandosane is an aerosol spray used for the management of xerostomia, what is the pH of Glandosane and what risk does it pose

Answer 11

the pH of glandosane is 5.75, this increases the risk of demineralisation

Question 12

what does malic acid do

Answer 12

malic acid is found in salivix pastilles and it stimulates saliva prodction

Question 13

Lack of saliva will predispose to;

• Opportunistic oral infections
• Periodontal disease
• Caries

where would you most likely to see caries develop on a tooth

Answer 13

at the cervical margins.

no saliva present to wash away cariogenic pathogens at the cervical/gingival margins