Human disease L16: Neurology 2 blackouts

Question 1

which of these is not a synonym of black out

loss of consciousness

syncope

coma

faint

oblivious

swoon

Answer 1

oblivious

Question 2

blackouts are usually a temporary loss of consciousness. if a patient was to have a blackout in your chair. what information would be helpful to the paramedics

Answer 2

a witness history is tremendously useful

• if you witnessed the circumstances before the blackout, what happened during the loss of consciousness and what happened after they regained consciousness and how long it took them can help diagnose their cause.

Question 3

there are allot of reasons for someone to suddenly lose consciousness, these reasons fall in to four major system dysfunctions, what are they?

Answer 3

Cardiovascular

Epileptic seizure

Hypoglycaemia

Other

Question 4

of the four system dysfunctions that result in blackouts which system dysfucntion is the most common

Answer 4

cardiovascular - system dysfunction

Question 5

of the cardiovascular system dysfunction, which event is responsible for the most common cause of blackouts

Answer 5

vasovagal event “faint”

this when blood pressure drops and pulse reduces, fear or freight, and even hunger can contribute to vasovagal event

Question 6

someone who has undergone a vasovagal “faint”, how long do they normally remain unconscious for?

Answer 6

usually for a few seconds

Question 7

what system dysfunction does postural hypotension fall in to

Answer 7

cardiovascular

Question 8

the sudden fall in blood pressure when we stand up results in the failure to sustain cerebral blood flow. what does this result in

Answer 8

this will result you to feel dizzy, sometimes even blackout. this is called postural hypotension

Question 9

which two cardiac arrhythmia result in blackouts

Answer 9

bradyarrhythmia

and

tachyarrhythmia

Question 10

epileptic seizures fall in to which system dysfunction category

Answer 10

neurological

Question 11

which system dysfunction category does hypoglycaemia fall in to?

Answer 11

metabolic

Question 12

if someone was to faint as a result of fear, emotion, heat, prolonged standing, and hunger, what type of blackout would this be

Answer 12

vasovagal

Question 13

what is the general recovery time for someome who has undegone a vasovagal faint

Answer 13

recovery within 2 minutes

Question 14

how would you manage someone who has undergone a vasovagal faint, to increase venous return

Answer 14

lie the patient flat and elevate legs

Question 15

postural hypotension is much more common in which demographic

Answer 15

the elderly

Question 16

how do you diagnose postural hypotension

Answer 16

check blood pressure whilst pateint is lying down and whilst standing up.

if you have a drop of 20 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) in your systolic blood pressure or a drop of 10 mm Hg in your diastolic blood pressure within two to five minutes of standing then you have postural hypotension.

Question 17

what type of assesments of conscious levels are vital to recognize deteriorating patient

Answer 17

sequential assessments of conscious levels

Question 18

which condition is being described: a collection of blood in the ‘potential’ space between the skull and the outer protective lining that covers the brain (the dura mater). It usually occurs because of a head injury. It is a serious condition and emergency treatment is needed

Answer 18

An extradural haematoma

Question 19

which condition is being described: is a serious condition where blood collects between the skull and the surface of the brain. It’s usually caused by a head injury.

Answer 19

subdural haematoma

Question 20

Both epidural and subdural hematomas involve bleeding outside of the brain, how do they differ from one another

Answer 20

An epidural hematoma occurs when there is bleeding inside the skull but outside the dura membrane. … A subdural hematoma occurs when the bleeding exists inside the dura, but still outside the brain.

Question 21

what type of hemorrhage is this

Answer 21

extradural

Question 22

what type of hemorrhage is this

Answer 22

subdural hemorrhage

Question 23

what type of scans are used to diagnose intracranial bleeds

Answer 23

CT Scans

Question 24

which of these are intrinsic brain disorders causes impaired consciousness

metabolic / endocrine disease

stroke

CNS infection

liver failure

Epilepsy

Tumour / mass lesion

head injury

sepsis

drugs / alcohol / poisoning

respiratory failure

renal failure

Answer 24

head injury

stroke

tumour / mass lesion

epilepsy

Question 25

which of these diffuse brain dysfunction disorders causes impaired consciousness

metabolic / endocrine disease

stroke

CNS infection

liver failure

Epilepsy

Tumour / mass lesion

head injury

sepsis

drugs / alcohol / poisoning

respiratory failure

renal failure

Answer 25

Metabolic / endocrine disease

Drugs / Alcohol / poisoning

CNS infection

sepsis

liver failure

Respiratory failure

Renal failure

Question 26

when assessing conscious level, what scale is used for the assesment

Answer 26

the glasgow coma scale

Question 27

the glasgow coma scale provides a score between what?

Answer 27

3 - 15

Question 28

the glasgow coma scale is scored in three domains what are the domains

Answer 28

eye opening

motor response

verbal response

Question 29

having low oxygen levels in your blood is called

Answer 29

hypoxemia

Question 30

aving low oxygen levels in your tissue is called

Answer 30

hypoxia

Question 31

Oxygen saturation refers to the amount of oxygen that’s in your bloodstream. The body requires a specific amount of oxygen in your blood to function properly. The normal range of oxygen saturation for adults is

Answer 31

94 to 99 percen

Question 32

which condition is being described : is a buildup of carbon dioxide in your bloodstream. It affects people who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD

Answer 32

Hypercapnia

Question 33

which condition occurs when the concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte, and it helps regulate the amount of water that’s in and around your cells.

Answer 33

Hyponatremia

Question 34

is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal. Too much calcium in your blood can weaken your bones, create kidney stones, and interfere with how your heart and brain work.

what is the above condition

Answer 34

hypercalcemia