Estar - Ser - Dar - Hacer - Tener - haber

Question 1

• voy a estar un tiempo
• dónde estamos (expression of amazement or disgust)

Answer 1

• I’m going to be a while / I’m going to be here for a while
• What is going on here
  ¿Dónde estamos? ¡No lo puedo creer! (What’s going on here? I can’t believe it!)

Question 2

Estar = to be

• estar a años luz

Answer 2

• to be light years away (literally or figuratively)

Eso plan está a años luz de lo que necesita la industria. (That plan is light years away from what the industry needs.)

Question 3

Estar = to be

• estar a gusto

Answer 3

• to be comfortable

Estoy a gusto en mi trabajo (I am comfortable with my job)

Question 4

Estar = to be

• estar a la moda

Answer 4

• to be in style

Los pantalones de campana no están de moda. (Bell-bottom pants aren’t in style.)

Question 5

Estar = to be

• estar a la que salta

Answer 5

• to be ready to take advantage or make the best of a situation

Durante la Guerra Fría, tantos rusos como americanos estaban a la que salta por averiguar qué hacía el otro. (During the Cold War, as many Russians as Americans were ready to jump at the chance to figure out what the other side was doing.)

Question 6

Estar = to be

• estar al caer

Answer 6

• to be on the verge of arriving

El Galaxy S10 está al caer, y podría costar 899 dólares. (The Galaxy S10 is almost here, and it could cost $899)

Question 7

Estar = to be

• estar al loro

Answer 7

• to be on top of things

Puedes hablar de todo, porque estás al loro de lo que sucede diariamente. (You can talk about everything, because you’re on top of everything that happens daily.)

Question 8

Estar = to be

• estar a oscuras

Answer 8

• to be ignorant or in the dark

Estoy a oscuras en estos temas. (I am in the dark about these subjects)

Question 9

Estar = to be

• estar a punto de

Answer 9

• to be on the verge of

Estaba a punto de llamarte. (I was just about to call you.)

Question 10

Estar = to be

• estar al corriente

Answer 10

• to be up to date or current

No estoy al corriente en mis pagos. (I’m not up to date with my payments.)

Question 11

Estar = to be

• estar al día

Answer 11

• to be informed

Quiero estar al día con todo lo que pueda con mi bebé. (I want to know about everything that can happen with my baby.)

Question 12

Estar = to be

• estar al límite

Answer 12

• to be at one’s limit in patience

En estos momentos estoy al límite, y me hace daño ver como mi novio se autodestruye. (These days I am at my limit, and it pains me to see how my boyfriend is self-destructing.)

Question 13

Estar = to be

• estar de buen ánimo

Answer 13

• to be in a good mood

Mariano explicó que ayer su padre estuvo de buen ánimo. (Mariano explained that yesterday his father was in a good mood.)

Question 14

Estar = to be

• estar de más

Answer 14

• to be excessive

La seguridad nunca está de más durante la presencia del presidente. (There is never too much security during the presence of the president.)

Question 15

Estar = to be

• estar de vuelta

Answer 15

• to have returned, to be back

Los campeones están de vuelta para luchar otra vez. (The champions are back to fight again.)

Question 16

Estar = to be

• estar en pañales

Answer 16

• literally : to be in diapers
• figuratively ; to be new at something

Ocurrió cuando nuestra democracia ya estaba en pañales. (It happened when our democracy was just getting started.)

Question 17

Estar = to be

• estar mal de (un órgano del cuerpo)

Answer 17

• to have a bad body part

Roger estaba mal de la espalda y no podía jugar con toda su capacidad. (Roger had a bad back and couldn’t play to full capacity.)

Question 18

Estar = to be

• estar por ver

Answer 18

• to remain to be seen

Y está por ver la respuesta del Gobierno de España. (The response of the Spanish government remains to be seen.)

Question 19

Estar = to be

• estar sin un cobre, estar sin un duro

Answer 19

• to be broke

Recuerdo una época que yo estaba sin un duro. (I remember a time when I was flat broke.)

Question 20

Estar = to be

• estar visto

Answer 20

• to be obvious

Estaba visto que no era particularmente una buena opción. (It was obvious that it wasn’t particularly a good option.)

Question 21

Estar = to be

• llegar a estar

Answer 21

• (to become). ¿Cómo llegaste a estar delgada tan rápido? (How did you become thin so quickly?)

Question 22

Estar with propositions
The verb estar is frequently followed by a preposition in ways that are uncommon with the English equivalent “to be.” Here are some of the common combinations:

Estar a

Estar con

Estar de

Estar en

Estar por

Estar sin

Estar sobre

Answer 22

Estar a
Estar a doesn’t have a consistent meaning, although it is used in a variety of contexts. It can often convey the idea of being at or in a situation. As in the first four examples, it is often used this way in the first-personal plural or “we” form.

• Estámos a tres días del inicio de los juegos. (We are three days away from the games. Literally, we are at three days from the start of the games.)
• Estamos a 14 de febrero. (Today is Feb. 14. Literally, we are at Feb. 14.)
• Estamos a 30 grados. (It is 30 degrees. Literally, we are at 30 degrees.)
• Mi hermana está a oscuras. (My sister is ignorant of what’s going on. Somewhat literally, my sister is in the dark.)

Estar con
In addition to indicating who someone is with or whose side you are on, estar con can be used to indicate illnesses, what a person is wearing, and other characteristics:

• Tengo un amiga que está con la influenza porcina. (I have a friend who has swine flu.)
• Hay días que estoy con dolor constante. (There are days I’m in constant pain.)
• Estaba con pantalones cortos y una playera blanca. (He was wearing short pants and a white T-shirt.)
• Cuando estamos con prisa, es fácil pasar por alto algunas prácticas de seguridad. (When we’re in a hurry, it’s easy to overlook some safety measures.)
• La carne estaba con mal olor. (The meat smelled bad.)
• Estamos con duda sobre estos medicamentos. (We are in doubt about these medications.)

Estar de
Temporary situations including roles, employment, and emotions are often expressed using estar de. Some examples:

• La red social más popular está de cumpleaños. (The most popular social network is having a birthday.)
• No te pongas serio. Estaba de broma. (Don’t take it seriously. He was joking.)
• Estoy de acuerdo contigo. (I agree with you.)
• Mi hermano está de chofer. (My brother is working as a driver.)
  -Estamos de vacaciones. (We’re on vacation.)
• ¿Qué tipos de vestidos están de moda? (What types of clothing are in style?)
• Los Smith están de aniversario. (It’s the Smiths’ anniversary.)
• Los conductores están de huelga. (The drivers are on strike.)
• El jefe está de un humor muy feo. (The boss is in a very ugly mood.)

Estar en : (points to location)
Estar en is often used much like “to be in” but can also be used to mean ‘to be on top of it’

• Está en buena condición la carretera. (The road is in good condition.)
• Las autoridades locales estaban en conflicto con los operadores de turismo. (The local authorities were in conflict with the tourism operators.)
• Esta página web está en construcción. (This web page is under construction.)
• estar en ello : to be on it
• estamos trabajando en ella : we are working on it

Estar por
When followed by a noun, estar por typically means to be in favor of someone or something.

• Estoy por la inmigración legal. (I am for legal immigration.)
• No es verdad que todos estén por la democracia. (It isn’t true that everyone is for democracy.)
  When estar por is followed by an infinitive, it can mean that the the infinitive’s action has yet to occur. Often, estar por followed by an infinitive suggests that the action will occur soon.
• Estoy por salir de viaje desde Buenos Aires a Asunción. (I am about to leave on a trip from Buenos Aires to Asunción.)
• Raquel estaba por comer cuando se dio cuenta de que todos la estaban mirando. (Raquel was about to eat when she noticed that everyone was looking at her.)
• ¡Estamos por comenzar nuevas aventuras! (We’re on the verge of beginning new adventures!)

Estar sin
Estar sin is used much like estar con but with the opposite meaning. (Of course, it can also mean “to be without”):

• De momento estoy sin dolor. (At the moment I’m not in pain.)
• Unas 8.000 personas estaban sin hogar en la ciudad. (There are some 8,000 homeless people in the city.)
• Estoy sin dinero y sin amigos. (I am penniless and friendless.)

Estar sobre
Although estar sobre is usually used literally to indicate being above a person or thing, it can also be used figuratively in a way similar to the English “stay on top of,” meaning to closely watch or supervise.

• En el trabajo no es necesario estar sobre los millennials. (On the job, it isn’t necessary to keep a close eye on millennials.)
• Todo el tiempo estoy sobre mis hijos para que estudien. (I’m always hounding my children so that they study.)

Question 23

Estar vs Ser

Answer 23

Estar : Condición y estado actual : moods, feelings, health and weather.
estoy enferme : ik ben ziek
él está triste : hij is ongelukkig
¿cómo estás? : how are you feeling
está muy nublado hoy : it is really cloudy today
la temperatura está muy baja

Estar : ubicación
Estoy en Lima.
Estoy aquí
Mi libro está en el mesa
Chichén Itzá está en Yucatán
No puedo, hoy estoy todo el día en casa

Estar : tiempo progresivo (by definition changing and unstable)
Mis amigos están practicando espanol ahora
Están cansados
Ella está muy ocupado
Él está divorciado
Las cucarachas están muertas

Estar : reacción personal a través de los sentidos
Guau, el agua está fría
el café está muy caliente

Use Ser when talking about general categories that identify people : physical characteristics, or personality traits, race, religion, political affiliation, relationships, Etc… .
Soy rubio. : I am blond.
Laura es inteligente. : Laura is intelligent.
Tú eres my hermano
Tú eres my novia
nosotros somos amigos

Use Ser to indicate origin or profession.
Tú eres de México, ¿cierto? : You are from Mexico, right?
Pablo es profesor. : Pablo is a teacher.

Use Ser for descriptions : color, size, material of composition
Estos zapatos son de cuero : these are leather shoes

Use Ser for posession
¿de quien es esta maleta? : whose suitcase is this

Use Ser to give the location of events
¿dondé es el partido? : where is the game taking place (ser = to take place)

Use Ser to give the time or date (and season) - see separate flashcards
Hoy es el domingo 17 de mayo
¿qué hora es?
es la primavera

Comó es tu mamá : what is your mother like
comó está tu mamá : how is your mother

Question 24

Estar = to be

Answer 24

estar de acuerdo contigo : I agree with you

Mis amigos están de paso aqui para ir a Cali : my friends are passing though here to go to Cali

estar a punto de salir del edificio : we are about to leave the building

Question 25

Bijkomende uitdrukkingen met ‘Estar

Answer 25

estar al caer : to be about to happen
estar al corriente de : to be up to date
estar para : to be about to
estar por : to be inclined to / estoy por perder la calma
estar apurado/a : to be in a hurry
estar conforme (con) ; to agree (with)
estar de buen/mal humor : to be in a good/bad mood
estar de vuelta : to come back, return / probablemente estarán de vuelta pronto
estar duera de si : to be beside oneself
estar por : to be in favor of / estoy por el equipo de Argentina

Question 26

Verandering van betekenis met Estar of Ser

                      estar                         ser abierto	 	  open (object)	          open-minded outgoing aburrido	            bored	 	          boring atento	 	   attentive                 considerate
                       focused                  courteous bueno	 	   tasty                        good
                       healthy                   moral
                       attractive, sexy cachondo	   aroused	 	   sexy cansado	 	   tired	 	           tiresome, stressful católico	 	   in good health*	   catholic cerrado	 	   closed (object)	   close-minded
                                                       stubborn considerado	   respected	 	   considerate, thoughtful decidido	 	   decided	 	   resolute despierto	           awake	 	           alert, smart divertido	           in a good mood	   funny enfermo	 	   sick	 	           invalid (noun) fatal	 	           (feel) awful	 	   (be) fatal fresco	 	   unrealistic                sassy
                       underdressed	   cheeky interesado	   interested	 	   self-serving limpio	 	   clean (sober)           clean (not dirty)
                       broke, penniless	 	 listo	 	           ready	 	           smart, clever loco	 	           crazy	 	           scatter-brained malo	 	   sick                         bad, immoral, naughty
                                                      rotten, stale (food)	 	 molesto	 	   embarrassed	   annoying negro	 	   tan                          black (skin)
                       furious parado	 	   unemployed	           shy perezoso	           feeling lazy	 	   lazy (personality) rico	 	           delicious	 	   rich rojo	 	           reddened (skin)	   red (color) seguro	 	   sure, certain	           safe sobrio	 	   sober	 	           moderate, frugal verde	 	   unripe (fruit)            green (color)
                                                      immature (person)	 	 violento	 	   embarrased	          violent, embarrassing vivo	 	           alive	 	          lively, dynamic, alert

Answer 26

estado civil
ser casado (descripción legal) vs estar casado (descripción de la relación)

Question 27

Expressions with ‘Dar’

Answer 27

dar : to give

dar a entender que : to imply that
dar a : to face, look out on / mi ventanas dan al patio
dar con : to find, run into / ayer dimos con unos amigos en una fármacia
dar contra : to hit, knock against / el auto dio contra una cerca
dar cuerda a : to wind (up)
dar ganas de : to feel like / es tarde y me dan ganas de dormir
dar recuerdos a : to give regards
darse cuenta de : to realize that / nos dimos cuenta de un error con las respuestas
darse prisa : to hurry / no te des prisa, es temperano
dar la hora : to strike the hour / el reloj dio las dos
dar las gracias : to thank
dar un abrazo : to hug, emnrace
dar un paseo : to take a wake , ride / dimos un paseo con Jose por el parque
dar un saludo a alguien : to greet, say hello to someone / dale saludos a tu …
dar una vuelta : to take a walk, ride
darse la mano : to shake hands / se saludaron y se dieron la mano

Question 28

Expressions with tener

Answer 28

There are many idiomatic expressions that use the verb tener. This one expresses age:
Idiom: tener _____ años
Literally: to have _____ years
True Meaning: to be _____ years old

Many other expressions using tener express physical sensations:

tener frío : to be cold
tener calor : to be hot
tener hambre : to be hungry
tener sed : to be thirsty
tener sueño : to be sleepy
tener sueños : to have dreams/objectives
tener el sueño liviano o pesado : have a light or heavy sleep
tener dolor de : to hurt or be sore, etc.

There are also many idiomatic expressions with tener that express sensations more psychological in nature:

tener prisa : to be in a hurry
tener miedo a/de + noun : to be afraid of something
tener miedo a/de + infinitive : to be afraid to do something
tener celos : to be jealous (more intense than estar celoso)
tener confianza : to be confident
tener cuidado : to be careful
tener vergüenza : to be ashamed
tener envidia (de) : te be envious (towards)
tener cariño : to hold dear
tener cariño a : to be fond of

There are other idiomatic expressions with tener as well:

tener razón : to be right
tener una/dos/muchas razones : to have a reason(s)
tener éxito : to be successful
tener la culpa : to be guilty
tener suerte : to be lucky
tener lugar : to take place
tener ganas de : to feel like
tener en cuenta : to take into account
tener por oficia : have by trade, als beroep hebben

When using these idiomatic expressions, conjugate the verb (tener) according to the subject of the sentence.

Yo tengo cinco años.
Tú tienes ocho años.
Pablo tiene dos años.

Notice that the expressions combine the verb tener with a noun:

el año, los celos, el frío, la confianza, el calor, el cuidado
el hambre (feminine), la vergüenza, la sed, la razón, el sueño
el éxito, el dolor, la culpa, la prisa, la suerte, el miedo, el lugar

Because the expressions with tener use nouns, they are modified with adjectives, not adverbs.

Tengo frío.
Tengo mucho frío. (not muy)

Question 29

Expressions with ‘Hacer’

Answer 29

Hacer with Weather Expressions

Hacer conjugated in the third-person singular is used in many weather expressions in Spanish. The expressions in the following table are in the present indicative, and describe what the weather is currently like. Using the same expressions, hacer can be conjugated in other tenses to say what the weather was like, will be like, etc.

Hace calor. : It’s hot.
Hace frío. : It’s cold.
Hace sol. : It’s sunny.
Hace viento. : It’s windy.
Hace fresco. : It’s chilly.
Hace buen tiempo. : The weather’s nice.
Hace mal tiempo. : The weather’s bad.

Hacer with Expressions of Time

Hacer conjugated in the third-person singular can be used in various ways to talk about the passage of time. You can use hacer to describe how long ago something happened or how long you have been doing something. You can also use hacer to describe past actions that were interrupted by another action.

Hace and Actions that Occurred a Specific Amount of Time Ago:
There are two formulas you can use with hacer to talk about actions that occurred a specific amount of time ago.

• Formula One : hace + time + que + verb in the preterite
• Formula Two : verb in the preterite + hace + time

Hace cuatro años que perdí mi trabajo. : I lost my job four years ago.
Nos mudamos a Ecuador hace nueve años. : We moved to Ecuador nine years ago.
Question : Cuánto tiempo hace que fueron a Lago Titicaca? : How long has it been since you went to Lake Titicaca? (How long ago did you go to … ?)

Hace and Actions that Started in the Past and Continue into the Present :
There are two formulas you can use with hacer to talk about actions that started in the past and continue into the present. These expressions are useful for talking about something you have been doing for a certain amount of time.

• Formula One : hace + time + que + verb in the present
• Formula Two : verb in the present + desde + hace + time

Hace ocho años que juega al tenis. : He’s been playing tennis for eight years.
Vivo en Alemania desde hace tres años. : I have lived in Germany for three years.
Question : Cuánto tiempo hace que quieron viajar a Bolivia? : How long have you wanted to travel to Bolivia?

Hace and Actions that Were Interrupted in the Past :
There are three formulas you can use with hacer to talk about actions in the past that were interrupted. These expressions are useful for talking about something you had been doing when something else happened.
In expressions of this type, the interrupting action is conjugated in the preterite.

• Formula One : hacía + time + que + verb in the imperfect
• Formula Two : verb in the imperfect + hacía + time
• Formula Three : verb in the imperfect+ desde + hacía + time

Hacía diez años que trabajaba para la empresa cuando fue a la quiebra. : He had been working for the company for ten years when it went bankrupt.
Viajaba hacía tres días cuando perdió el pasaporte. : She had been traveling for three days when she lost her passport.
Veía la tele desde hacía 45 minutos cuando se fue la electricidad. : I had been watching TV for 45 minutes when the power went out.

Pronominal Use of Hacer
When hacer is used pronominally, it translates as to become : Hacerse
usually indicates a change brought about by effort, such as a change in profession.

EXAMPLES
Se hizo médica. : She became a doctor.
Quiero hacerme abogado. : I want to become a lawyer.

Additional Expressions
hacer los quehaceres : to do the housework/chores
hacer la maleta : to pack your suitcase
hacer la cama : to make the bed
hacer la tarea : to do one’s homework
hacer la compra : to go shopping
hacer ejercicio : to exercise
hacer cola : to get/stand in line
hacer caso : to pay attention to
hacer falta : to need
hacer un viaje : to take a trip
hacer daño : to hurt
hacer añicos : to break into pieces
hacer burla de : to make fun of
hacer una reservación

Question 30

Expressions with ‘haber’

Answer 30

hágame caso : listen to me
hágame saber si : let me know if

Question 31

Woorden die in 99% van de gevallen met estar gebruikt worden

Answer 31

• lleno / a
• vacio / a
  maar uitz : ser una persona vacia