Chapter 9 (Terminology) Flashcards
Describes a molecule with a positive and negative charge on opposite sides
Polar
The heat required to raise
the temperature of a
substance by one degree
Specified Heat
The body’s ability to maintain a stable
equilibrium between processes that are
dependent on each other.
Homeostasis
A process by which molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Osmosis
The entire amount of water
found in the human body.
Total Body Water
Water within the cells of the body
Intracellular Water
Water outside the cells in the body.
Extracellular water
Water in the space between cells in the body
Interstitial fluid
The water in plasma in the veins and arteries.
Plasma volume
State of decreased total body water
hypohydration
State of adequate total body water as regulated by the brain
euhydration
State of excessive total body water content
hyperhydration
A state in which hormones used to regulate fluid balance are activated;
however, total body water is not significantly reduced, and thirst has not been stimulated
underhydration
describes how humans tend to delay
rehydrating themselves after losing total body water
voluntary rehydration
A measure of urine concentration where
large values indicate concentrated urine and small values indicate diluted urine.
urine osmolality
A measure of hydration
using the density of urine
compared to the density of
water.
urine specific gravity
the pigmentation of urine used as a measure of hydration
urine color
tool to measure urine specific gravity
refractometer
A hormone produced in the
adrenal glands responsible
for sodium conservation.
aldosterone
The accumulation of water in the cells and body cavities
water retention
Concentration of plasma in the blood
osmolality
A measure of the concentration of
electrolytes and other solutes in plasma
Plasma osmolality
A hormone released when plasma osmolality increases; responsible for fluid reabsorption from the kidneys into the
bloodstream
arginine vasopressin (AVP)
A group of specialized cells on or in a cell interacting with specific circulating hormones
receptor
