Chapter 8 (Section A) Flashcards
inorganic elements required
for various physiological
functions
minerals
Minerals the body requires
in relatively large amounts
Major minerals
Minerals carrying an electric
charge. Cations carry a positive charge (more protons than electrons), and anions carry a negative charge
(more electrons than protons).
electrolytes
compounds containing carbon
organic
compounds lacking carbon
inorganic
The amount of a substance digested and entering circulation that has an
active effect in the body
bioavailable
A nonprotein compound
required for a protein’s
biological activity
enzyme cofactor
A complex organic chemical providing molecular energy to drive cellular processes.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The breakdown of muscle tissue releasing damaging amounts of protein into the blood.
rhabdomyolysis
A condition causing the
heart to beat at 100 beats
per minute or faster.
Tachycardia
A set of disorders such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, and excess bodyfat that together can increase an individual’s risk
of heart attack and stroke
Metabolic Syndrome
The by-products of cellular metabolism as a result of stress or immune response
reactive oxygen species
The rapid loss of muscle
tissue mass and strength
resulting from excess
protein breakdown and,
in many cases, reduced
protein synthesis.
muscle wasting
A condition in which
blood pH is under 7.35,
which can disrupt enzyme
function and reduce insulin
sensitivity
acidosis
A red protein carrying and
storing oxygen in muscle
tissue.
myoglobin
Liver cells making up 55–65
percent of liver mass; used
for storage, bile production,
metabolism, and digestion.
hepatocytes
Red blood cells
erythrocytes
A condition causing redness in the face
rosacea
An uncommon lung disease
caused by mineral buildup
in the lungs.
PULMONARY
ALVEOLAR
PROTEINOSIS
Enzyme proteins containing
metal ions.
metalloenzymes
Substances disrupting
the production of thyroid
hormones by interfering
with iodine uptake in the
thyroid gland.
Goitrogens
Oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids
hydroperoxides
Minerals the body requires in relatively small amounts
Minor Minerals
