Chapter 2 (GI System)

Question 1

Function of the LI

2

Answer 1

absorption of water and electrolytes left over from digestion; pushes chyme along to the GI tract to be eliminated from the body

Question 2

Four subdivisions of the colon

Answer 2

ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

Question 3

What are not functions of the large intestine?

(2)

Answer 3

digesting food or producing digestive enzymes

Question 4

Divisions of the large intestine

Answer 4

colon, rectum, and anus

Question 5

Junction of the small and large intestine

Answer 5

ileocecal junction

Question 6

What supports the digestive process in the small intestine

(cells)

Answer 6

endocrine and exocrine cells

Question 7

villi

definition and location

Answer 7

tiny hairlike projections often on the surface of mucous membranes

Question 8

crescent shaped folds of the mucosa and submucosa

Answer 8

plicae circulares

Question 9

Where are the most folded surfaces of the small intestine found? Why?

Answer 9

Ileum, maximum surface area and absorption

Question 10

Duodenum function

2

Answer 10

receives chyme from the stomach; chemically digests chime to prepare it for more distal areas of the SI

Question 11

Three sections of the small intestine

Answer 11

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 12

Where are most of the nutrients from food absorbed

Answer 12

the small intestine

Question 13

the pulpy acidic fluid passing from the stomach into the small intestine; consists of partially digested food and gastric juice

Answer 13

chyme

Question 14

intestinal phase starts

Answer 14

when chyme begins to exit the stomach and enter the small intestine

Question 15

gastric phase of digestion begins when

Answer 15

food enters the stomach

Question 16

cephalic phase of digestion begins with

Answer 16

thoughts and smells of food

Question 17

Three phases of digestion

Answer 17

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

Question 18

a hormone stimulating secretion of gastric juices; controls the process of digestion

Answer 18

Gastrin

Question 19

gastric juices

Answer 19

acids helping to chemically digest food

Question 20

The stomach is divided into what four regions?

Answer 20

fundic, cardiac, body, and pyloric

Question 21

Stomach (location and function)

Answer 21

found in the upper left portion of the abdomen; muscular pouch that aids in mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 22

Where food travels after the pharynx and before the stomach

Answer 22

Esophagus

Question 23

Three functions of saliva

Answer 23

cleanses the teeth, wets food for swallowing, and dissolves certain molecules for taste

Question 24

Contains water, mucus, and the enzyme amylase

Answer 24

saliva

Question 25

Where ingestion and the beginning stage of mechanical digestion occurs

Answer 25

the mouth

Question 26

Which organs make up the Alimentary tract?

Answer 26

(mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach)

Question 27

inner and outer layer of the submucosa are made up of cells in which patterns

Answer 27

inner layer is made up of cells in a circular pattern; outer layer is made up of cells in a longitudinal pattern

Question 28

Describe the two layers of the serosa

Answer 28

the first is a connective tissue layer; the second is a thin layer of epithelial cells secreting serous fluid to reduce friction from muscle movements

Question 29

the outermost layer of the GI tract; barrier between internal organs and abdominal cavity

Answer 29

Serosa

Question 30

third layerof the SI; comprised of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Answer 30

submucosa

Question 31

smooth muscle cell helping to move food along via peristalsis; second layer

Answer 31

muscularis mucosa

Question 32

Functions of mucosa cells | (3) Secretion

Answer 32

secrete mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones

Question 33

lines the digestive tract and is in contact with the food that passes through

Answer 33

mucosa

Question 34

Four layers of specialized tissue in the digestive tract

Answer 34

mucosa, muscularis mucosa, submucosa, and serosa

Question 35

Is the digestive system open or closed?

Answer 35

open

Question 36

How long is the GI tract

Answer 36

8 to 9 meters long

Question 37

Six functions of the digestive system

Answer 37

Ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, peristalsis, nutrient absorption, and elimination

Question 38

Function of the digestive system (GI Tract) | (1)

Answer 38

breaks down food into smaller molecules for use on a cellular level

Question 39

one at each end of the anal canal; control the release of fecal matter

Answer 39

sphincter

Question 40

opening at the end of the alimentary tract where waste exits the body

Answer 40

anus

Question 41

space between the colon and the anus where fecal matter is stored

Answer 41

rectum

Question 42

largest part of the large intestine; removes water from waste matter

Answer 42

colon

Question 43

absorb nutrients at a cellular level

Answer 43

microvilli

Question 44

shortest section of the small intestine

Answer 44

Duodenum

Question 45

also known as the throat; passageway for water and air

Answer 45

Pharynx

Question 46

begins the process of breaking down starches

Answer 46

amylase

Question 47

rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle of the digestive tract

Answer 47

Peristalsis