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Nutrition > Chapter 2 (GI System) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 (GI System) Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the LI

2

A

absorption of water and electrolytes left over from digestion; pushes chyme along to the GI tract to be eliminated from the body

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2
Q

Four subdivisions of the colon

A

ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

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3
Q

What are not functions of the large intestine?

(2)

A

digesting food or producing digestive enzymes

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4
Q

Divisions of the large intestine

A

colon, rectum, and anus

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5
Q

Junction of the small and large intestine

A

ileocecal junction

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6
Q

What supports the digestive process in the small intestine

(cells)

A

endocrine and exocrine cells

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7
Q

villi

definition and location

A

tiny hairlike projections often on the surface of mucous membranes

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8
Q

crescent shaped folds of the mucosa and submucosa

A

plicae circulares

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9
Q

Where are the most folded surfaces of the small intestine found? Why?

A

Ileum, maximum surface area and absorption

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10
Q

Duodenum function

2

A

receives chyme from the stomach; chemically digests chime to prepare it for more distal areas of the SI

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11
Q

Three sections of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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12
Q

Where are most of the nutrients from food absorbed

A

the small intestine

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13
Q

the pulpy acidic fluid passing from the stomach into the small intestine; consists of partially digested food and gastric juice

A

chyme

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14
Q

intestinal phase starts

A

when chyme begins to exit the stomach and enter the small intestine

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15
Q

gastric phase of digestion begins when

A

food enters the stomach

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16
Q

cephalic phase of digestion begins with

A

thoughts and smells of food

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17
Q

Three phases of digestion

A

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

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18
Q

a hormone stimulating secretion of gastric juices; controls the process of digestion

A

Gastrin

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19
Q

gastric juices

A

acids helping to chemically digest food

20
Q

The stomach is divided into what four regions?

A

fundic, cardiac, body, and pyloric

21
Q

Stomach (location and function)

A

found in the upper left portion of the abdomen; muscular pouch that aids in mechanical and chemical digestion

22
Q

Where food travels after the pharynx and before the stomach

A

Esophagus

23
Q

Three functions of saliva

A

cleanses the teeth, wets food for swallowing, and dissolves certain molecules for taste

24
Q

Contains water, mucus, and the enzyme amylase

A

saliva

25
Q

Where ingestion and the beginning stage of mechanical digestion occurs

A

the mouth

26
Q

Which organs make up the Alimentary tract?

A

(mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach)

27
Q

inner and outer layer of the submucosa are made up of cells in which patterns

A

inner layer is made up of cells in a circular pattern; outer layer is made up of cells in a longitudinal pattern

28
Q

Describe the two layers of the serosa

A

the first is a connective tissue layer; the second is a thin layer of epithelial cells secreting serous fluid to reduce friction from muscle movements

29
Q

the outermost layer of the GI tract; barrier between internal organs and abdominal cavity

A

Serosa

30
Q

third layerof the SI; comprised of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

A

submucosa

31
Q

smooth muscle cell helping to move food along via peristalsis; second layer

A

muscularis mucosa

32
Q

Functions of mucosa cells

(3) Secretion

A

secrete mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones

33
Q

lines the digestive tract and is in contact with the food that passes through

A

mucosa

34
Q

Four layers of specialized tissue in the digestive tract

A

mucosa, muscularis mucosa, submucosa, and serosa

35
Q

Is the digestive system open or closed?

A

open

36
Q

How long is the GI tract

A

8 to 9 meters long

37
Q

Six functions of the digestive system

A

Ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, peristalsis, nutrient absorption, and elimination

38
Q

Function of the digestive system (GI Tract)

(1)

A

breaks down food into smaller molecules for use on a cellular level

39
Q

one at each end of the anal canal; control the release of fecal matter

A

sphincter

40
Q

opening at the end of the alimentary tract where waste exits the body

A

anus

41
Q

space between the colon and the anus where fecal matter is stored

A

rectum

42
Q

largest part of the large intestine; removes water from waste matter

A

colon

43
Q

absorb nutrients at a cellular level

A

microvilli

44
Q

shortest section of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

45
Q

also known as the throat; passageway for water and air

A

Pharynx

46
Q

begins the process of breaking down starches

A

amylase

47
Q

rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle of the digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

Nutrition (56 decks)

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