Chapter 8 (Section C) Flashcards
Most of the magnesium in the body occurs in
3
the bones, muscles, and soft tissues
Magnesium is involved in more than ___ _______ __________ in the body and is a major
factor in ______ _________and _______.
300 biochemical reactions; bone growth and strength
The DRI for magnesium is ___ mg per day for males and females under 13 years of age.
Adult females require ___ mg per day (slightly more during puberty), and adult males require ___ mg per day.
240; 320; 420
Deficiency of magnesium is rarely seen, but symptoms include
7
muscle weakness, cramps, and spasms, irritability, nausea, cardiac arrhythmia, and depression.
Magnesium deficiency symptoms can be caused by
decreased or inefficient absorption of magnesium in the gastrointestinal tract or medication interference
Intake of magnesium over ___ mg per day may lead to side effects in some individuals,
specifically, those with ________ _________.
350; kidney disorders
Long-term magnesium deficiency can result in:
3
metabolic syndrome, skeletal deformities, and cardiovascular disease
Sulfur is derived from the essential amino acids ________ and ________and is a
major_________ ___________. MET is not stored in the body, so a daily intake is vital for proper nutrition
cysteine, methionine (MET), enzyme cofactor
Sulphur deficiency symptoms include:
4
brittle hair and nails, dental cavities, and decreased fertility.
Chronic sulfur deficiency has been found to greatly increase the risk of which three things:
Especially in plant eating populations
heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular disorders
Chronic excess of methionine, cysteine and sulfur can lead to:
3
brain damage, heart disease, or death.
Sulfur can also change the acidity of the blood and should generally be avoided by people with
acidosis
(For Sulphur) Athletes consuming a vegan or largely vegetarian diet may need to supplement
beta alanine, creatine, and other essential amino acids.
Bouts of longer activity in endurance sports and athletics speed up the ________ ________of _________ _______ in the body.
oxidative loss; amino acids
Carries oxygen throughout the body
hemoglobin
Where is myoglobin stored?
bone marrow, spleen, and liver
___________ releases oxygen throughout the body used for oxidative metabolism, while
___________ stores and releases oxygen from the storage locations when the body is in need
Hemoglobin; myoglobin
The DRI of Iron for adult males and females is __mg per day. Females between the ages of 18 and
50 are recommended to intake ___ mg per day to compensate for the natural loss of iron with
menstruation at childbearing age
8, 18
A result of an imbalance of iron intake, iron storage, and natural iron loss preventing the full functioning of erythrocytes in the circulatory system
Iron deficiency anemia
The symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia include
3
fatigue, restless leg syndrome, and impaired cognitive function
The UL for iron is ___ mg per day for adults.
45
High levels of iron intake have
been associated with:
5
increased risk for metal toxicity, oxidative stress, intensified aging muscle atrophy, rosacea, and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
__________ ___________is a form of iron readily absorbed in the body but not stored in the liver
the same way as iron is.
Ferrous sulfate
the practice of using blood transfusions to increase serum hemoglobin
levels and thus their oxygen-carrying capacity to increase overall performance
DOPING
