Chapter 5 (Amino Acids)

Question 1

Amino acids that cannot be made by the body and must be included in the diet

Answer 1

Essential amino acids (9)

Question 2

amino acids that the body can make on it’s own and that do not need to be consumed

Answer 2

Non-essential amino acids (10)

Question 3

amino acids that the body can make. Special populations or circumstances may warrant inclusion of these in the diet

Answer 3

Conditional amino acids (8)

Question 4

Intermediate substances in the body’s production of another substance

Answer 4

precursors

Question 5

non-essential amino acid found in high concentrations in most muscle tissue and is involved in the glucose-alanine cycle

Answer 5

alanine

Question 6

non-essential amino acid that plays a role in stimulating the release of GH and insulin-like growth factor

Answer 6

arginine

Question 7

A free radical that increases blood flow through vasodilation

Answer 7

nitric oxide

Question 8

non-essential amino acid involved in the proper functioning of the central nervous system. It stabilizes the nervous system by preventing both extreme nervousness or calm

Answer 8

asparagnine

Question 9

non-essential amino acid shown to help reduce ammonia levels in the blood after exercise. The artificial sweetener aspartame contains this and it is present in all protein containing foods, both plant and animal based

Answer 9

aspartic acid

Question 10

Amino acids with chemically branched R groups. They are used for energy during strenuous physical activity

Answer 10

branched chain amino acids

Question 11

Name three branched chain amino acids

Answer 11

isoleucine, leucine, and valine

Question 12

Non essential amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle for the removal of ammonia from the blood.

Answer 12

citrulline

Question 13

a non-essential sulfur-bearing amino acid that plays a role in energy production that the body manufactures from methionine and serine.

Answer 13

cysteine

Question 14

a non-essential amino acid that acts as an intermediary in the Krebs cycle and is important for the metabolism of carbs

Answer 14

glutamic acid

Question 15

one of the most plentiful non-essential amino acids present in the body.

Answer 15

glutamine

Question 16

non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from serine, with folate actingas a coenzyme (enzyme cofactor), and is an important precursor of many substances inthe body, including protein, DNA, phospholipids,collagen, and creatine. It is also a precursor in the release of energy and has been shown to increase GH levels

Answer 16

glycine

Question 17

essential amino acid, important in the growth and repair of human tissue and the formation and maintenance of hemoglobin, the oxygen transport protein in red blood cells

Answer 17

histadine

Question 18

a compound and neurotransmitter involved in local immune response and in regulation of functions in the digestive tract

Answer 18

histamine

Question 19

an essential amino acid and a BCAA needed for the formation of hemoglobin

Answer 19

isoleucine

Question 20

an essential amino acid and BCAA important in energy production during exercise.

Answer 20

leucine

Question 21

a dipeptide made of alanine and histadine, present in large amounts in muscle and brain tissue

Answer 21

carnosine

Question 22

an essential amino acid found in large quantities in muscle tissue. It is needed for proper growth and bone development and it aids in calcium absorption

Answer 22

lysine

Question 23

an amino acid derivative found mostly in muscle tissue that helps the body use fat for energy

Answer 23

carnitine

Question 24

Essential sulfur bearing amino acid involved in transmethylation

Answer 24

Methionine

Question 25

The metabolic process in which an amino acid donates a methyl group to another compound

Answer 25

transmethylation

Question 26

An essential amino acid and a precursor of the non essential amino acid tyrosine

Answer 26

phenylalanine

Question 27

the hormone that is thought to be responsible for signaling fullness after eating

Answer 27

cholecystokinin

Question 28

A non essential amino acid occurring in high amounts in collagen tissue that can be synthesized from and converted to glutamic acid.

Answer 28

Proline

Question 29

A non essential amino acid found in proteins and derived from glycine

Answer 29

serine

Question 30

Non essential sulfur bearing amino acid that plays a major role in brain tissue, nervous system functioning, blood pressure regulation and in the transportation of electrolytes across cell membranes

Answer 30

taurine

Question 31

An essential amino acid and is an important component of collagen, tooth enamel, protein and elastic tissue

Answer 31

threonine

Question 32

Essential amino acid necessary to produce vitamin B3 and the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin

Answer 32

tryptophan

Question 33

non essential amino acid that is made from phenylalanine and serves as the foundation for thyroid hormone

Answer 33

tyrosine

Question 34

essential amino acid and bcaa. integral part of muscle tissue and may be used for energy when muscles are being exercised.

Answer 34

valine