Chapter 5 (Amino Acids) Flashcards
Amino acids that cannot be made by the body and must be included in the diet
Essential amino acids (9)
amino acids that the body can make on it’s own and that do not need to be consumed
Non-essential amino acids (10)
amino acids that the body can make. Special populations or circumstances may warrant inclusion of these in the diet
Conditional amino acids (8)
Intermediate substances in the body’s production of another substance
precursors
non-essential amino acid found in high concentrations in most muscle tissue and is involved in the glucose-alanine cycle
alanine
non-essential amino acid that plays a role in stimulating the release of GH and insulin-like growth factor
arginine
A free radical that increases blood flow through vasodilation
nitric oxide
non-essential amino acid involved in the proper functioning of the central nervous system. It stabilizes the nervous system by preventing both extreme nervousness or calm
asparagnine
non-essential amino acid shown to help reduce ammonia levels in the blood after exercise. The artificial sweetener aspartame contains this and it is present in all protein containing foods, both plant and animal based
aspartic acid
Amino acids with chemically branched R groups. They are used for energy during strenuous physical activity
branched chain amino acids
Name three branched chain amino acids
isoleucine, leucine, and valine
Non essential amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle for the removal of ammonia from the blood.
citrulline
a non-essential sulfur-bearing amino acid that plays a role in energy production that the body manufactures from methionine and serine.
cysteine
a non-essential amino acid that acts as an intermediary in the Krebs cycle and is important for the metabolism of carbs
glutamic acid
one of the most plentiful non-essential amino acids present in the body.
glutamine
non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from serine, with folate actingas a coenzyme (enzyme cofactor), and is an important precursor of many substances inthe body, including protein, DNA, phospholipids,collagen, and creatine. It is also a precursor in the release of energy and has been shown to increase GH levels
glycine
essential amino acid, important in the growth and repair of human tissue and the formation and maintenance of hemoglobin, the oxygen transport protein in red blood cells
histadine
a compound and neurotransmitter involved in local immune response and in regulation of functions in the digestive tract
histamine
an essential amino acid and a BCAA needed for the formation of hemoglobin
isoleucine
an essential amino acid and BCAA important in energy production during exercise.
leucine
a dipeptide made of alanine and histadine, present in large amounts in muscle and brain tissue
carnosine
an essential amino acid found in large quantities in muscle tissue. It is needed for proper growth and bone development and it aids in calcium absorption
lysine
an amino acid derivative found mostly in muscle tissue that helps the body use fat for energy
carnitine
Essential sulfur bearing amino acid involved in transmethylation
Methionine
