Chapter 6 (Section A)

Question 1

Organic biomolecule soluble in organic solvents, but not water

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

the catabolic metabolism of fatty acids to generate the molecules needed to synthesize adenosine triphosphate

Answer 2

beta-oxidation

Question 3

Four reasons lipids are a necessary part of a balanced diet:

Answer 3

store and use of vitamins A, D, E, and K; maintain the function and integrity of cellular membranes; provide a concentrated source of energy; make meals more palatable

Question 4

Nine major lipids found in the human diet and in the body

Answer 4

triglycerides, fatty acids, essential fatty acids, omega 3 fatty acids, gamma linolenic acid, medium chain triglycerides. phospholipids, lecithin and cholesterol

Question 5

a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a carboxyl group (carbon and oxygen) at one end

Answer 5

fatty acid

Question 6

a three carbon alcohol molecule and the structural backbone of lipids

Answer 6

glycerol

Question 7

What are the two building blocks of lipids?

Answer 7

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

Carbons in short, medium, and long chain fatty acids:

Answer 8

short (4-5), medium (6-12), long (19-23)

Question 9

three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule

Answer 9

triglyceride

Question 10

fat or fatty acids with single bonds between carbons

Answer 10

saturated fats

Question 11

a fat or fatty acid with one or more double bonds between carbons.

Answer 11

unsaturated fats

Question 12

Bad cholesterol building up in and contributing to the hardening of arteries

Answer 12

Low density lipoprotein

Question 13

fatty acids with one double bond between carbons

Answer 13

monounsaturated fat

Question 14

fatty acids with more than one double bond between carbons

Answer 14

polyunsaturated fats

Question 15

What are unsaturated fat functions?

Answer 15

make up structural components of cells, are important for proper growth, development and maintenance of body tissues.

Question 16

Why do saturated fats remain solid at room temperature?

Answer 16

saturated fats contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and have no double carbon bonds

Question 17

Main functions of nutritional lipids (10):

Answer 17

fuel source during exercise, body fat stores for insulation and temperature regulation, absorption and storage of fat soluble vitamins, energy storage, a supply of essential fatty acids, protective padding, structure in cell membranes, healthy skin, hormone synthesis, and building blocks for other molecules

Question 18

loose connective tissue made up of adipocytes for storing excess fats in the body

Answer 18

adipose tissue

Question 19

metabolic process of forming fat for storage in adipocytes

Answer 19

lipogenesis

Question 20

the breakdown of lipids for energy occurring during fasting and exercise when energy availability and insulin are low

Answer 20

lipolysis

Question 21

hormones involved in the inflammatory response to injury as well as female reproductive phases

Answer 21

prostaglandins

Question 22

hormones derived from cholesterol including estrogen and testosterone

Answer 22

steroid hormones