Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Chapter 3 (Section B) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 (Section B) Flashcards

1
Q

More energy consumed than expended

A

positive energy balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

more energy is expended than calories consumed

A

negative energy balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The body naturally seeks a __________ __________ of the energy system

A

homeostatic balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Simple changes such as calorie intake reduction of __________ kcal and incorporating ____________ kcal of activity can make a difference in energy balance

A

200-300/200-400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

On a cellular level, the way energy is produced is a complicated series of reactions that can be __________ (3) and based on __________

A

accelerated, decelerated, or limited based on the urgency of energy requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

series of reactions converting nutrients into the cellular energy currency ATP

A

cellular metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ATP (acronym)

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The cellular energy molecule

full name

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is adenosine made of? Attached to

A

Ribose and adenine/ Three phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

energy can neither be created or destroyed only converted

A

the law of conservation of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the building process reaction

A

anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the breaking down process

A

catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does ATP directly provide cellular energy? What has to happen?

A

No/ Bond of the second and third phosphate has to be broken in the presence of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What enzyme converts ATP to ADP?

A

The enzyme ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the process of removing a phosphate called. What does this process require?

A

dephosphorylation. requires H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The breakdown of ATP to ADP releases one ________________.

A

acidic proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mechanism allowing ATP to be quickly broken into ADP then reformed.

A

ATP-ADP Cycle

18
Q

Process of adding a phoshate

A

rephosphorylation

19
Q

The process of rephosphorylation requires what enzyme?

A

ATP synthase

20
Q

Breakdown of ATP to release it’s stored energy is called:

A

ATP hydrolysis

21
Q

When ATP hydrolysis causes the muscle to accumulate protons faster than the muscle can remove them as waste:

A

metabolic acidosis

22
Q

Imbalance of reactive oxygen and the body’s ability to remove or detoxify it.

A

oxidative stress

23
Q

Effects of metabolic acidosis (short and long)

A

impairs muscle power and energy production; reprograms the cell to recycle ADP faster and reduce oxidative stress

24
Q

Enzyme catalyzing the reaction between ATP and AMP to form two ADP molecules. Takes two ADP molecules and converts them into one AMP and one ATP molecule

A

adenylate kinase

25
Q

Why is AMP not an ideal molecule to have in the cell (2)?

A

It can break down even further and create ammonia (toxic to blood and muscles); accumulation of phosphates can cause muscle fatigue (limiting physical performance)

26
Q

Three different energy systems of the body:

A

immediate, short, and log term

27
Q

Muscle tissues have enough ATP to last __________.

A

A couple seconds

28
Q

a molecule found in muscle and brain tissue donating its phosphorus to ADP to form ATP

A

phosphocreatine

29
Q

the combination of a muscle’s stored ATP plus its phosphocreatine

A

phosphagen system

30
Q

process of splitting a glucose molecule into a pair of pyruvate molecules

A

glycolysis

31
Q

smallest molecule a carbohydrate can be broken down into and still used as an energy source

A

glucose

32
Q

three carbon structure formed by splitting a glucose molecule

A

pyruvate

33
Q

The end product of glycolysis is always __________.

A

lactic acid

34
Q

process that can occur without the use of oxygen

A

anaerobic

35
Q

the process of splitting a glucose molecule into a pair of pyruvate molecules to produce ATP when o2 is low.

A

anaerobic glycolysis

36
Q

breakdown of fuels to form ATP in the presence of o2

A

aerobic metabolism

37
Q

What can be used as an additional source of energy during aerobic metabolism?

A

Adipose tissue

38
Q

by product of fatty acid metabolism that can be used for energy:

A

ketones

39
Q

Four primary sources of energy

A

glucose, fatty acids, lactate and ketones

40
Q

Key role of ketones in cellular metabolism

A

production of ATP

Nutrition (56 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions