Chapter 7 (Section D) Flashcards
Niacin is functionally active as two important coenzymes known as:
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)
Daily upper limit of Niacin (B3)
35 mg
Niacin taken in amounts over 50 mg causes what? Resulting in?
blood capillaries to dilate, resulting in skin flushing, red skin, itching, and warmth.
Excessive niacin reduces:
athletic performance
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) plays a role in the metabolism of:
amino acid, glycogen, and sphingoid bases
Vitamin B6 occurs in nature as (3)
pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoximine
What are the active forms of B6?
pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate
Because of the vitamin’s role in amino acid metabolism, vitamin B6 intake needs increase with:
protein intake
Upper intake limit of B6:
1000 mg
Folate (B9) is involved in
amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis
Vitamin B9 is an essential cofactor in:
DNA and RNA formation
Folate stimulates the formation of:
Red blood cells and vitamin B12
Folate supports early development of:
the fetal brain and spinal cord
Upper limit intake of folate:
1000 mcg
Benefits of folate for athletes and dosage
enhanced muscle tissue repair, 200 mcg
Vitamin B12 is essential for:
energy
Which coenzyme form of B12 may have effects similar to anabolic steroids?
cobamamide or dibencozide
What are most b12 deficiencies caused by?
poor absorption
What is a disease that develops from inhibited absorption of B12?
pernicious anemia
How is pernicious anemia treated?
b12 injections
What could be causes of high levels of b12 in the blood?
kidney or liver dysfunction or disease
Biotin (B7) functions as a coenzyme in:
bicarbonate-dependent carboxylation reactions
Biotin plays an important role in:
energy production and fat metabolism
How can biotin be obtained:
manufactured by intestinal bacteria as well as absorbed from dietary and supplemental sources.
