Chapter 7 (Section D)

Question 1

Niacin is functionally active as two important coenzymes known as:

Answer 1

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

Question 2

Daily upper limit of Niacin (B3)

Answer 2

35 mg

Question 3

Niacin taken in amounts over 50 mg causes what? Resulting in?

Answer 3

blood capillaries to dilate, resulting in skin flushing, red skin, itching, and warmth.

Question 4

Excessive niacin reduces:

Answer 4

athletic performance

Question 5

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) plays a role in the metabolism of:

Answer 5

amino acid, glycogen, and sphingoid bases

Question 6

Vitamin B6 occurs in nature as (3)

Answer 6

pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoximine

Question 7

What are the active forms of B6?

Answer 7

pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate

Question 8

Because of the vitamin’s role in amino acid metabolism, vitamin B6 intake needs increase with:

Answer 8

protein intake

Question 9

Upper intake limit of B6:

Answer 9

1000 mg

Question 10

Folate (B9) is involved in

Answer 10

amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis

Question 11

Vitamin B9 is an essential cofactor in:

Answer 11

DNA and RNA formation

Question 12

Folate stimulates the formation of:

Answer 12

Red blood cells and vitamin B12

Question 13

Folate supports early development of:

Answer 13

the fetal brain and spinal cord

Question 14

Upper limit intake of folate:

Answer 14

1000 mcg

Question 15

Benefits of folate for athletes and dosage

Answer 15

enhanced muscle tissue repair, 200 mcg

Question 16

Vitamin B12 is essential for:

Answer 16

energy

Question 17

Which coenzyme form of B12 may have effects similar to anabolic steroids?

Answer 17

cobamamide or dibencozide

Question 18

What are most b12 deficiencies caused by?

Answer 18

poor absorption

Question 19

What is a disease that develops from inhibited absorption of B12?

Answer 19

pernicious anemia

Question 20

How is pernicious anemia treated?

Answer 20

b12 injections

Question 21

What could be causes of high levels of b12 in the blood?

Answer 21

kidney or liver dysfunction or disease

Question 22

Biotin (B7) functions as a coenzyme in:

Answer 22

bicarbonate-dependent carboxylation reactions

Question 23

Biotin plays an important role in:

Answer 23

energy production and fat metabolism

Question 24

How can biotin be obtained:

Answer 24

manufactured by intestinal bacteria as well as absorbed from dietary and supplemental sources.

Question 25

What two things can biotin deficiency be a result of?

Answer 25

low levels in the diet and excessive consumption of egg whites

Question 26

Why do egg whites prevent biotin absorption?

Answer 26

a glycoprotein in egg whites binds with biotin preventing it’s absorption.

Question 27

A common reaction to too much biotin is:

Answer 27

a skin rash