Chapter 4 (Section A)

Question 1

A simple sugar made up of 6 carbons, 12 hydrogens, and 6 oxygens that provide energy for the body

Answer 1

glucose

Question 2

Organic molecules used primarily for energy

Answer 2

carbohydrates

Question 3

Carbs protect ______ _____ from being catabolized during exercise and they provide the main energy source for the _________ and __________ ___________.

Answer 3

muscle mass; brain and nervous system

Question 4

One glucose molecule can produce how many molecules of ATP?

Answer 4

30

Question 5

two types of carbohydrates

Answer 5

simple and complex

Question 6

The four different types of carbohydrates based on the number of sugar units:

Answer 6

monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccarides, and polysaccharides

Question 7

consist of one sugar unit

Answer 7

monosaccharide

Question 8

monosaccharide examples (4)

Answer 8

glucose, galactose, mannose, and fructose

Question 9

consist of two sugar units

Answer 9

disaccharides

Question 10

Disaccharide examples and composition

Answer 10

sucrose (one glucose and one fructose), and lactose (one glucose and one galactose)

Question 11

a simple sugar found mostly in fruits

Answer 11

fructose

Question 12

the energy source of plants; a polysaccharide consisting of multiple molecules of bonded glucose

Answer 12

starch

Question 13

a polymer of fructose molecules found in some fruits, legumes, and vegetables

Answer 13

fructan

Question 14

What explains the slower rise in blood sugar after eating fructose

Answer 14

fructose has to be further broken down by the liver into glucose before being used by most cells in the body

Question 15

two main types of complex carbohydrate

Answer 15

oligosaccharises and polysaccharides

Question 16

two types of simple carbohydrates

Answer 16

mono and di saccharides

Question 17

complex carb with 3 to 10 sub-units of sugar; two examples

Answer 17

oligosaccharides; raffinose and statchyose

Question 18

complex cabs that have 10 or more monosaccharide sub-units linked together; three examples

Answer 18

polysaccharides; amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen

Question 19

composed of amylopectin and amylose

Answer 19

starch

Question 20

special type of complex carb that is not digested and not absorbed in the small intestine (two terms)

Answer 20

fiber or non starchy roughage

Question 21

Eight examples of fiber

Answer 21

cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, fructans, beta-glucans, and a variety of gums, mucilage, and algal polysaccharides

Question 22

Two functions of fiber

Answer 22

promotes intestinal function and aids in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Question 23

Two types of fiber

Answer 23

soluble and insoluble

Question 24

type of fiber that dissolves in fluids in the stomach to form a thick gel like substance

Answer 24

soluble fiber

Question 25

How many calories are in soluble fiber

Answer 25

2

Question 26

does not dissolve in water and passes through the GI tract relatively intact

Answer 26

insoluble fiber

Question 27

(3) Characteristics of soluble fiber:

Answer 27

broken down by bacteria in the large intestine, interferes with the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol, slows digestion and helps to prevent rapid spikes in blood glucose after eating

Question 28

How many calories are in a gram of insoluble fiber?

Answer 28

0

Question 29

Two characteristics of insoluble fiber:

Answer 29

Provides bulk for stool and speeds up the movement of food and waste through the digestive system

Question 30

Both types of fiber promote what:

Answer 30

satiety

Question 31

People who eat high fiber diets experience reduced rates of (3):

Answer 31

Cardiovascular disease, colon cancer and diabetes

Question 32

the specific and individualized accumulation of anaerobic bacteria and other microorganisms that populate the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 32

gut microbiome