Chapter 3 (Section A)

Question 1

The process of converting ingested nutrients into energy in the body

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

usable power derived from nutrient sources

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

The symmetry between nutrient consumption and the energy demands of the body

Answer 3

energy balance

Question 4

The energy released as the bonds that hold chemicals together are broken

Answer 4

chemical energy

Question 5

Energy requirements for bodily functions such as digestion, respiration, and circulation are met by what two things

Answer 5

the presence of o2 and the digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 6

Six basic forms of energy:

Answer 6

chemical, nuclear, electrical, mechanical, thermal and radiant

Question 7

What two aspects of energy production are required to perform cellular processes?

Answer 7

nutrients and o2

Question 8

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree (C) at a pressure of 1 atmosphere

Answer 8

calorie/kilocalorie

Question 9

Alcohol calories per gram

Answer 9

7

Question 10

Calories in a gram of stored fat from a carbohydrate source

Answer 10

3.27

Question 11

How energy balance is measured

Answer 11

total calorie intake in a 24 hour period as compared to total energy expenditure in the same amount of time

Question 12

Calories consumed by the average American

Answer 12

3600

Question 13

Recommended calorie consumption (female/male)

Answer 13

1600-2400, 2000-3000

Question 14

a tool to measure heat production and energy expenditure

Answer 14

caloriemeter

Question 15

uses an insulated chamber to measure heat added to the ambient environment

Answer 15

direct calorimetry

Question 16

measures o2 consumed and co2 produced

Answer 16

indirect calorimetry

Question 17

Energy expenditure is the result of the cumulation of which four main processes in the body?

Answer 17

resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, physical activity, and physical growth

Question 18

energy expenditure of metabolic and physical processes when the body is at rest

Answer 18

resting metabolic rate

Question 19

energy expenditure associated with food consumption

Answer 19

thermic effect of food

Question 20

RMR is also referred to as what?

Answer 20

Basil metabolic rate

Question 21

Resting metabolic rate is the energy required to support which five functions?

Answer 21

support cardiac function and respiration, repair internal organs, maintain body temperature, and balance water and ions concentrations across cell membranes

Question 22

a formula that can closely estimate the overall caloric need for an individual

Answer 22

Harris Benedict formula

Question 23

the thermic effect of macronutrient digestion and absorption

Answer 23

diet induced thermogenesis

Question 24

which macronutrient has the least effect on thermogenesis

Answer 24

fat

Question 25

Physical activity is directly related to what three things:

Answer 25

body size, physical conditioning, and amount/distance of movement performed.

Question 26

energetic cost of _________ will vary at different stages of life

Answer 26

growth