Chapter 6 (Section C)

Question 1

essential and monounsaturated fatty acids; most common fats found in cells

Answer 1

omega 9

Question 2

what is the most common omega 9

Answer 2

oleic acid

Question 3

a class of lipid made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate unit; a major component of cell membranes

Answer 3

phospholipid

Question 4

What is the main and secondary function of a phospholipid?

Answer 4

structural integrity of cell membranes; act as emulsifiers in the body

Question 5

What are functions of phospholipids

Answer 5

Structural component of :brain/nervous system tissues and lipoproteins

Question 6

carry cholesterol and fats in the blood

Answer 6

lipoproteins

Question 7

Phospholipid that supplies choline; may remove fatty deposits from the blood

Answer 7

lecithin

Question 8

essential for liver and brain function. found in egg yolk, liver, and soybeans, important in creatine synthesis

Answer 8

choline

Question 9

A phospholipid with the amino acid serine that is useful for improving memory and physical recovery

Answer 9

phosphatidylserine

Question 10

an essential amino acid functioning in fat metabolism vital to the health of the immune system

Answer 10

serine

Question 11

a group of naturally occurring unsaturated steroid alcohols

Answer 11

sterols

Question 12

Functions of cholesterol (5)

Answer 12

important component of all cells, a precursor of bile acid, a precursor of various sex and adrenal hormones, a precursor of vitamin d and an important part of brain and nervous tissues

Question 13

two or more compounds or molecules with the same formula, but different atom arrangement

Answer 13

isomer

Question 14

a molecule formed by the union of two molecules with two double bonds separated by a single bond

Answer 14

conjugated

Question 15

an isomer of linoliec acid derived from ruminant animals

Answer 15

conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

Question 16

CLA is a common lipid supplement marketed to:

Answer 16

reduce adiposity, build muscle and increase energy levels

Question 17

storage of body fat

Answer 17

adiposity

Question 18

group of triglycerides containing saturated fatty acids with chains of only 6 to 12 carbon atoms

Answer 18

medium chain triglycerides (MCT)

Question 19

What two acids are MCTs high in?

Answer 19

capric and caprylic

Question 20

How do MCTs behave differently than fats with longer carbon chains (5)?

Answer 20

MCTs dissolve more readily in water.* They can pass from the intestines directly into the bloodstream. * The body can digest MCTs more easily.* MCTs are not readily stored in fat deposits and are quickly used for energy in the liver.* They can also pass freely into the mitochondria of cells

Question 21

Unsaturated fats that have been hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated

Answer 21

trans fatty acids

Question 22

process by which hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated sites on fatty acids converting double bonds to single bonds

Answer 22

hydrogenation

Question 23

relocate some double bonds and hydrogen atoms end up on different sides of the fatty acid chain

Answer 23

partial hydrogenation