Chapter 6 (Section C) Flashcards
essential and monounsaturated fatty acids; most common fats found in cells
omega 9
what is the most common omega 9
oleic acid
a class of lipid made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate unit; a major component of cell membranes
phospholipid
What is the main and secondary function of a phospholipid?
structural integrity of cell membranes; act as emulsifiers in the body
What are functions of phospholipids
Structural component of :brain/nervous system tissues and lipoproteins
carry cholesterol and fats in the blood
lipoproteins
Phospholipid that supplies choline; may remove fatty deposits from the blood
lecithin
essential for liver and brain function. found in egg yolk, liver, and soybeans, important in creatine synthesis
choline
A phospholipid with the amino acid serine that is useful for improving memory and physical recovery
phosphatidylserine
an essential amino acid functioning in fat metabolism vital to the health of the immune system
serine
a group of naturally occurring unsaturated steroid alcohols
sterols
Functions of cholesterol (5)
important component of all cells, a precursor of bile acid, a precursor of various sex and adrenal hormones, a precursor of vitamin d and an important part of brain and nervous tissues
two or more compounds or molecules with the same formula, but different atom arrangement
isomer
a molecule formed by the union of two molecules with two double bonds separated by a single bond
conjugated
an isomer of linoliec acid derived from ruminant animals
conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
CLA is a common lipid supplement marketed to:
reduce adiposity, build muscle and increase energy levels
storage of body fat
adiposity
group of triglycerides containing saturated fatty acids with chains of only 6 to 12 carbon atoms
medium chain triglycerides (MCT)
What two acids are MCTs high in?
capric and caprylic
How do MCTs behave differently than fats with longer carbon chains (5)?
MCTs dissolve more readily in water.* They can pass from the intestines directly into the bloodstream. * The body can digest MCTs more easily.* MCTs are not readily stored in fat deposits and are quickly used for energy in the liver.* They can also pass freely into the mitochondria of cells
Unsaturated fats that have been hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated
trans fatty acids
process by which hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated sites on fatty acids converting double bonds to single bonds
hydrogenation
relocate some double bonds and hydrogen atoms end up on different sides of the fatty acid chain
partial hydrogenation
