Chapter 8 (Section E)

Question 1

Present in many enzymes, and it is involved in energy production, melanin pigment synthesis, myelin formation, immune function, glucose metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism.

Answer 1

Copper

Question 2

Copper has an important role in

4

Answer 2

connective tissues of arteries, bones, and the heart as well as nerve signal propagation in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 3

Nearly half of the copper in
the human body is stored in

4

Answer 3

the skeleton and muscle tissue, with a large proportion found in the kidneys and heart as well

Question 4

The DRI for copper in adults is _____mcg per day, with young children under 13 years of age
requiring about half as much. Pregnant females are recommended to intake _____ mcg per day, and lactating females are recommended to intake _____ mcg per day

Answer 4

900, 450 , 1000, 1300

Question 5

Copper and iron are closely linked, as the uptake of
iron for hemoglobin is

Answer 5

copper dependent

Question 6

The UL for copper is __ mg per day for adults.

Answer 6

10

Question 7

Characterized by
the accumulation of copper in the body, leading to toxic effects on the liver, kidney, eyes, and
nervous system

Answer 7

Wilson’s Disease

Question 8

Manganese is required for

Answer 8

cellular energy production;

Question 9

part of enzymes; aids in bone and
connective tissue formation and collagen synthesis; and facilitates carbohydrate, amino acid,
and cholesterol metabolism

Answer 9

manganese

Question 10

A small percentage of nutritional manganese is absorbed as it
is

Answer 10

excreted constantly in bile

Question 11

The DRI and adequate intake of manganese for adult males is ___ mg per day, and adult
females require ___ mg per day. Pregnant and lactating females are recommended to intake
___ mg per day and ___ mg per day, respectively

Answer 11

2.3, 1.8, 2, 2.6

Question 12

The UL of manganese is ___ mg per day for adults.

Answer 12

11

Question 13

Chromium’s major role is in the functioning of _______; it is needed as a ________.

Answer 13

insulin, cofactor

Question 14

Chromium also plays a role in the metabolism of _________ (DNA and RNA) and helps to maintain
their structure and gene expression.

Answer 14

nucleic acids

Question 15

Chromium works in ________ and _________ formation in the
liver

Answer 15

fatty acid, cholesterol

Question 16

Chromium has received attention in the media as an anabolic steroid alternative, as it has been reported to _____________ and______________ in humans

Answer 16

decrease bodyfat percentage, increase lean body mass

Question 17

The DRI for chromium is ____ to ____ mcg per day for adult females and _____to_____mcg per day for adult males (with lower ranges suggested for adults over 50 years of age). The intake for pregnant and lactating females is __ and ___ mcg per day, respectively

Answer 17

20-25, 30-35, 30, 45

Question 18

Research has shown that chromium uptake can be greatly reduced when someone has a nutrition plan high in simple sugars. This type of high-sugar nutrition plan paired with low or inadequate intake of chromium has been found to lead to

Answer 18

adult-onset (type II) diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy

Question 19

Studies have shown that the efficiency of _______, _______, and
________metabolism is dependent on chromium stores, so the restoration and maintenance of chromium levels in athletes are advantageous.

Answer 19

protein, carbohydrate,
and fat

Question 20

The UL for molybdenum is _______ mcg per day in adults over the age of 19.

Answer 20

2000

Question 21

Conversely, those with a deficiency in __________ ________or dysfunction in __________ _________ may be at an increased risk of
molybdenum toxicity

Answer 21

nutritional copper; copper intake