Chapter 7 (Section B)

Question 1

What is the usable form of vitamin A called? What is it’s precursor?

Answer 1

retinol, beta-carotene

Question 2

What is the most common carotenoid?

Answer 2

beta-carotene

Question 3

Name two other carotenoids besides beta-carotene:

Answer 3

alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin

Question 4

What is the upper intake limit for VA in adults? Children?

Answer 4

15000 IU, 6000 IU

Question 5

Two most common forms of vitamin A in supplements:

Answer 5

palmitate and acetate

Question 6

What is the main function of vitamin D?

Answer 6

The absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus to support the mineralization of bones and teeth

Question 7

How is vitamin D deficiency characterized?

Answer 7

Inadequate mineralization of bone

Question 8

What is vitamin E’s major function?

Answer 8

antioxidant that prevents oxidation and protects fatty acids within cell membranes

Question 9

What sector of the population has a low tissue concentration of vitamin E? What two conditions are associated with this?

Answer 9

infants, dermatitis and hemolytic anemia

Question 10

What is the upper limit intake of vitamin E?

Answer 10

1000 mcg

Question 11

What can high levels of vitamin E interfere with? What does this lead to?

Answer 11

V K activity, anticoagulant disfunction and delayed blood clotting

Question 12

At higher altitudes, maintaining vitamin e at the upper acceptable range during training may:

Answer 12

prevent muscle cramps and counteract the higher levels of free radicals caused by increased activity levels

Question 13

Higher levels of vitamin e may help recovery from:

Answer 13

injury or surgery

Question 14

What is the natural form of vitamin e that is better absorbed by the body?

Answer 14

d-alpha tocopheryl succinate

Question 15

Two synthetic forms of vitamin e

Answer 15

alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol acetate

Question 16

Name the three forms of vitamin K:

Answer 16

phylloquinone K1), menaquinone (K2), menadione (K3)

Question 17

Vitamin K is a __________ . It promotes the formation of ___________ and _____________.

Answer 17

coenzyme, prothrombin and procoagulant

Question 18

What are two things that can interfere with vitamin K metabolic assisted pathways?

Answer 18

Aspirin and vitamin e (in large doses)

Question 19

What is the principal compound that displays vitamin K activity?

Answer 19

phylloquinone (K1)

Question 20

What type of vitamin K is produced by intestinal activity?

Answer 20

menaquinone (K2)

Question 21

What is a synthetically produced form of vitamin k?

Answer 21

menadione (K3)