Chapter 5 (Section C)

Question 1

What 5 factors can change a proteins chemistry?

Answer 1

cooking, digestion, high salt concentrations, alcohol, and mechanical agitation

Question 2

an enzyme released in the stomach that breaks proteins slowlyto smaller peptides and free amino acids

Answer 2

pepsin

Question 3

mass of partially digested food and gastric juices that moves from the stomach to the small intestine

Answer 3

chyme

Question 4

an enzyme that is produced in the pancreas and plays a large roll in the digestion of protein, primarily in the small intestine

Answer 4

protease

Question 5

digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas and converted to an active form by trypsin. It breaks down proteins in the small intestine

Answer 5

chymotrypsin

Question 6

an enzyme that breaks down and digests protein in the small intestine

Answer 6

trypsin

Question 7

a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell

Answer 7

MAPK pathway

Question 9

a chemical grouping (functional group) made up of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms

Answer 9

amino group

Question 10

a functional group containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Answer 10

carboxyl group

Question 11

A unique functional group that varies depending on the type of amino acid

Answer 11

R group

Question 12

Compounds consisting of two or more amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Answer 12

peptides

Question 13

a chemical reaction that forms a bond and released a molecule of water in the process

Answer 13

dehydration reaction

Question 14

signaling molecules secreted by an endocrine organ or gland

Answer 14

hormone

Question 15

the large molecule in the cell nucleus that contains the cell’s genetic blueprint and determines how the cell will develop

Answer 15

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 16

a protein made up of only amino acid subunits

Answer 16

simple protein