Chapter 3 (Section D)

Question 1

produces ATP in the presence of oxygen

Answer 1

aerobic metabolism

Question 2

What co-enzyme does aerobic metabolism begin with after the pyruvate molecule enters the mitochondria?

Answer 2

acetyl coenzyme A

Question 3

A series of chemical reactions within mitochondria to form ATP from the oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A

Answer 3

krebs cycle

Question 4

a metabolic pathway within mitochondria where most ATP molecules are formed during aerobic metabolism

Answer 4

electric transport chain (21)

Question 5

What is another name for the electron transport chain

Answer 5

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

Outputs of aerobic metabolism are (3)

Answer 6

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Question 7

essential organelles generating most of the chemical energy needed for cellular processes.

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

Example of a cell lacking mitochondria

Answer 8

red bood cell

Question 9

folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

Answer 9

cristae

Question 10

Part of the mitochondria that is filled with enzymes, water and proteins as well as the organelles own unique DNA and ribosomes

Answer 10

matrix

Question 11

What are the four fuel sources that aerobic metabolism can use?

Answer 11

glucose, fatty acids, ketones and lactate

Question 12

Glycolysis splits glucose into a pair of pyruvate molecules in the ___________ of the muscle cell.

Answer 12

sarcoplasm

Question 13

fat stored around the midsection and major intra-abdominal organs

Answer 13

visceral fat

Question 14

fat directly beneath the skin

Answer 14

subcutaneous fat

Question 15

fat stored within the muscles

Answer 15

intramuscular fat

Question 16

the stored form of fatty acids

Answer 16

triglycerides

Question 17

What is the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids called; what is it the equivalent of (glucose)?

Answer 17

lipolysis; glycolysis

Question 18

Muscle tissue produces ___________ during short term contraction

Answer 18

lactic acid

Question 19

acidic byproduct of fatty acid metabolism produced when glucose is not available

Answer 19

ketones

Question 20

A hormone produced by the pancreas increasing levels of glucose and fatty acids in blood

Answer 20

glucagon

Question 21

metabolic state where high levels of ketones are in the blood due to large amounts of fatty acid metabolism

Answer 21

ketoacidosis

Question 22

Ketones are a significant source of ATP for the brain in which three circumstances?

Answer 22

Low carb diet, ultra low calorie diet, and extreme physical endurance

Question 23

Another term for Kreb’s cycle

Answer 23

citric acid cycle

Question 24

How many steps are in the kreb’s cycle?

Answer 24

8

Question 25

A compound in the Kreb's cycle that supports ATP formation

Answer 25

(FADH2) flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 26

Each citric acid cycle produces what five things:

Answer 26

(1) ATP (1) FADH2 (2) co2 (3) protons and (3) NADH