Chapter 3 (Section C)

Question 1

Surrounds and supports all the living material and organelles in the cell

Answer 1

cytoplasm

Question 2

In muscle cells, cytoplasm is referred to as what?

Answer 2

sarcoplasm

Question 3

Why is the sarcoplasm important?

Answer 3

It is where the actions of the phosphagen system and the reaction components take place

Question 4

Composition of phosphocreatine

Answer 4

one phosphate + one creatine molecule

Question 5

The ATP-PC system only occurs where

Answer 5

in muscle tissue

Question 6

A molecule synthesized in the liver and kidneys assisting in reformation ATP from ADP

Answer 6

creatine

Question 7

An enzyme catalyzing ADP to ATP and creatine to phosphocreatine; keeps the ATP-ADP cycle running

Answer 7

creatine kinase

Question 8

All chemical reactions in the body require ____________ to occur at a speed to make them biologically viable. It serves as a lock and the ____________ serves as a key.

Answer 8

enzyme, substrate

Question 9

reduction of cellular PH

Answer 9

metabolic acidosis

Question 10

glycogen

Answer 10

the body’s stored form of glucose

Question 11

Phosphagen system is limited by the supply of ______________ in the body

Answer 11

phosphocreatine

Question 12

Creatine is synthesized in the ________, __________, and ________ from the amino acids ___________, ___________, and ___________.

Answer 12

pancreas liver and kidneys
methionine, glycine, and arganine

Question 13

Where is creatine stored?

Answer 13

In the muscles and the brain

Question 14

Creatine is a major substrate in which three functions?

Answer 14

immune responses, neurotransmission, and, epithelial cells of the airway

Question 15

Where is glycogen stored

Answer 15

liver and skeletal muscle

Question 16

when glucose in the bloodstream is forced into the muscle cells and broken down

Answer 16

glycolysis

Question 17

Glycolysis in the presence of o2

Answer 17

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

Glycolysis in the absence of o2

Answer 18

anaerobic glycolysis

Question 19

co-enzyme participating in glycolysis

Answer 19

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

Question 20

the reduced form of NAD+ necessary for energy production

Answer 20

NADH

Question 21

found in the walls of cellular mitochondria; catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate and NADH into lactate and NAD+ and vice versa

Answer 21

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 22

lactate dehydrogenase acts with pyruvate, NADH and the excess proton (H+) to catalyze the release of the NADH proton and donate it to pyruvate which forms lactate and NAD+

Answer 22

lactic acid fermentation

Question 23

Read page 15 and 16

Question 24

Which of the four main fuel sources is the most effective at producing ATP?

Answer 24

Fatty Acids