Chapter 3 (Section C) Flashcards
Surrounds and supports all the living material and organelles in the cell
cytoplasm
In muscle cells, cytoplasm is referred to as what?
sarcoplasm
Why is the sarcoplasm important?
It is where the actions of the phosphagen system and the reaction components take place
Composition of phosphocreatine
one phosphate + one creatine molecule
The ATP-PC system only occurs where
in muscle tissue
A molecule synthesized in the liver and kidneys assisting in reformation ATP from ADP
creatine
An enzyme catalyzing ADP to ATP and creatine to phosphocreatine; keeps the ATP-ADP cycle running
creatine kinase
All chemical reactions in the body require ____________ to occur at a speed to make them biologically viable. It serves as a lock and the ____________ serves as a key.
enzyme, substrate
reduction of cellular PH
metabolic acidosis
glycogen
the body’s stored form of glucose
Phosphagen system is limited by the supply of ______________ in the body
phosphocreatine
Creatine is synthesized in the ________, __________, and ________ from the amino acids ___________, ___________, and ___________.
pancreas liver and kidneys
methionine, glycine, and arganine
Where is creatine stored?
In the muscles and the brain
Creatine is a major substrate in which three functions?
immune responses, neurotransmission, and, epithelial cells of the airway
Where is glycogen stored
liver and skeletal muscle
when glucose in the bloodstream is forced into the muscle cells and broken down
glycolysis
Glycolysis in the presence of o2
oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis in the absence of o2
anaerobic glycolysis
co-enzyme participating in glycolysis
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
the reduced form of NAD+ necessary for energy production
NADH
found in the walls of cellular mitochondria; catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate and NADH into lactate and NAD+ and vice versa
lactate dehydrogenase
lactate dehydrogenase acts with pyruvate, NADH and the excess proton (H+) to catalyze the release of the NADH proton and donate it to pyruvate which forms lactate and NAD+
lactic acid fermentation
Read page 15 and 16
Which of the four main fuel sources is the most effective at producing ATP?
Fatty Acids
