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Community Health > Basic And Extended Life Supportv- FM > Flashcards

Basic And Extended Life Supportv- FM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

A

To sustain life by maintaining breathing and circulation until emergency aid arrives.

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2
Q

After how many minutes without oxygen does brain damage begin?

A

After 3-4 minutes.

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3
Q

What does the term “CAB” in resuscitation stand for?

A

Circulation, Airway, Breathing.

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4
Q

What is the recommended compression depth during chest compressions in adults?

A

At least 5 cm (2 inches).

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5
Q

How many compressions per minute are recommended during CPR?

A

At least 100 compressions per minute.

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6
Q

What is the ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths in Basic Life Support (BLS)?

A

30 compressions to 2 breaths.

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7
Q

What is the role of the team leader during resuscitation?

A

Assign roles, monitor performance, and provide coordination.

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8
Q

What does “closed-loop communication” involve in team resuscitation?

A

Ensuring messages are heard, acknowledged, and acted upon.

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9
Q

What is the primary goal of defibrillation during cardiac arrest?

A

To reset the heart’s rhythm for effective circulation.

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious victim?

A

The tongue.

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11
Q

What are the “Hs and Ts” in cardiac arrest management?

A

Hypoxia, hypovolemia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypo-/hyperkalemia, hypothermia, toxins, tamponade, tension pneumothorax, thrombosis, trauma.

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12
Q

When should a victim be placed in the recovery position?

A

When the victim starts breathing independently.

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13
Q

How often should rescuers switch during CPR to avoid fatigue?

A

Every 2 minutes.

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14
Q

What is the role of an automated external defibrillator (AED)?

A

To analyse rhythm and deliver shocks if necessary.

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15
Q

How should abdominal thrusts be performed on a responsive adult?

A

With quick upward abdominal thrusts.

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16
Q

What interventions are central to Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS)?

A

High-quality CPR, early defibrillation, and identifying arrhythmias.

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17
Q

What are the stages of resuscitation according to BLS principles?

A

Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC).

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18
Q

Why should interruptions in chest compressions be minimised during CPR?

A

To maintain perfusion and cerebral oxygenation.

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19
Q

What is the target temperature range for therapeutic hypothermia?

A

32°C–34°C.

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20
Q

What is the recommended blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) target post-resuscitation?

A

SpO2 ≥94%.

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21
Q

What does asynchronous ventilation mean in ACLS?

A

Ventilation delivered independently of chest compressions.

22
Q

How can over-ventilation during resuscitation affect cardiac output?

A

It reduces venous return, decreasing cardiac output.

23
Q

What is the purpose of using a face shield or mask during rescue breathing?

A

To prevent contamination and provide effective ventilation.

24
Q

What is the sequence of steps when using an AED?

A

Power on, attach pads, analyse rhythm, deliver shock.

25
Q

What rhythm abnormalities are considered shockable?

A

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT).

26
Q

How is a carotid pulse checked during CPR?

A

By palpating the carotid artery for 5-10 seconds.

27
Q

What is the universal choking sign?

A

Clutching the neck with the thumb and fingers.

28
Q

How is the airway opened in a suspected cervical spine injury?

A

Use a jaw thrust instead of a head tilt.

29
Q

What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for a patient with an advanced airway?

A

Continuous compressions with 8-10 breaths per minute.

30
Q

What are the main causes of non-shockable cardiac arrest?

A

Asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).

31
Q

What defines high-quality chest compressions?

A

Sufficient depth, proper rate, and minimal interruptions.

32
Q

When should drug therapy be introduced during ACLS?

A

During a pause in compressions or if indicated by the algorithm.

33
Q

What are examples of reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

A

Hs and Ts

34
Q

What are signs of effective CPR?

A

Visible chest rise and palpable pulses.

35
Q

What are the signs of poor air exchange in choking?

A

Ineffective or absent cough, cyanosis, high-pitched sounds, and inability to speak.

36
Q

What is the management for a responsive choking victim lying down?

A

Perform abdominal or chest thrusts.

37
Q

What drugs are commonly used during ACLS?

A

Epinephrine, amiodarone, atropine, adenosine.

38
Q

What is Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)?

A

Spontaneous return of circulation with effective perfusion.

39
Q

How is ventilation provided with an advanced airway in place?

A

At a rate of 8-10 breaths per minute.

40
Q

What are the risks associated with rib fractures during CPR?

A

Fractures to ribs or damage to organs like the liver or spleen.

41
Q

Why is mutual respect critical in team resuscitation?

A

It ensures teamwork and reduces conflict.

42
Q

What should be done immediately after a shock is delivered with a defibrillator?

A

Resume chest compressions.

43
Q

What is the recommended glycaemic control range post-cardiac arrest?

A

144-180 mg/dL.

44
Q

How does ACLS address bradycardia?

A

Administer atropine and consider pacing if unresponsive.

45
Q

What is the recommended approach to diagnosing cardiac arrest in an unresponsive victim?

A

Assess unresponsiveness and check for breathing and pulse.

46
Q

What is the recovery position?

A

Side-lying position to maintain an open airway.

47
Q

Why should chest recoil be allowed during compressions?

A

To allow for adequate heart refilling.

48
Q

What is the main difference between BLS and ACLS?

A

ACLS includes advanced interventions like drugs and defibrillation.

49
Q

What are the benefits of therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest care?

A

Reduces brain damage by lowering metabolic demand.

50
Q

What are potential complications of CPR?

A

Rib fractures, organ damage, and aspiration.

Community Health (22 decks)

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