Zoonoses-Haemophilus-Listeria

Question 1

What is the gram stain and shape of Yersenia pestis?

Answer 1

Gram−small coccobacilli

Question 2

Is Yersenia pestis zoonotic?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What bacteria caused the bubonic plague/black death?

Answer 3

Yersenia pestis

Question 4

Which 2 organisms typically transmit Yersenia pestis?

Answer 4

Rodnets/rats and fleas

Question 5

____: (infected lymph node with pus) not contagious

- 50-75% mortality if not treated promptly

Answer 5

bubo

Question 6

In 10-20% spread to lungs:
•highlycontagious (direct transmission)
•near 100% mortality: black death

Answer 6

Pneumonic plague

Question 7

The following virulence factors are seen in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
Pla
Yops
F1
PsaA
Complete resistance
Iron Acquisition
LPS endotoxin

Answer 7

Yersenia pestis

Question 8

_____ is a virulence factor of Yersenia pestis:
coded by a plasmid; activates plasminogen activator; destroys C3b, C5a; destroys blood clots; prevents complement-based phagocytosis; clears the way for bacteria to spread from the flea bite site to regional lymph nodes

Answer 8

Pla

Question 9

_____ is a virulence factor of Yersenia pestis:
coded by a plasmid; interferes with phagocytosis and the immune response by differing mechanisms; loss of virulence if lost; several antiphagocytic proteins and regulators for their expression; injected by type III secretion system

Answer 9

Yops

Question 10

_____ is a virulence factor of Yersenia pestis:

coded by a plasmid; forms antiphagocytic capsule; capsule formation is induced when temps rise from 26 degrees C to 37

Answer 10

F1

Question 11

Yersenia pestis carried to bloodstream causes _______

Answer 11

Septicemic plague

Question 12

Fully virulent Yersenia pestis break out of phagocytes infect the nodes produce buboes causing ______

Answer 12

Bubonic plague

Question 13

The lungs can become infected by Yersenia pestis, producing the highly contagious and lethal _________

Answer 13

Pneumonic plague

Question 14

What is the gram stain and shape of Francisella tularensis?

Answer 14

Gram neg coccobacilli

Question 15

Gram−small coccobacilli
strict aerobic
opportunistic zoonosis(birds, rabbits, tick bites)(bioterrorism)
slow growth in humans(requires cys)
Virulence Factors:
Øintracellular growth in macrophages (prevents phagolysosome fusion) bacteremia
Øthin capsule(anti-complement + weak LPS endotoxin)
Diseases: rabbit fever, tick fever
•ulceroglandular and oculoglandular tularemia
•pulmonary tularemia

Answer 15

Francisella tularensis

Question 16

Gram -

opportunistic zoonosis by B.melitensis (or bioterrorism)

Organisms penetrate muscous membranes and are carried to the heart, kidneys, and other parts of the body via the blood and lymphatic system; they are resistant to phagocyctic killing and growth within these cells.

Answer 16

Brucella

Question 17

Systemic bacteremia starting from infected lymph nodes.

Answer 17

“udulant Fever” Brucelloisis

Bang’s Disease

Question 18

gram -

frequently part of oral flora (carrier rate up to 80%) 6 O-antigen serotypes: a – f: type b is most virulent

Virulence factors:
Capsule B

Answer 18

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 19

Which O antigen sterotype of Haemophilus influenzae is the most virulent?

Answer 19

Type B

Question 20

Conjugated vaccine against ______ __ polysaccharides
creates protective IgG,
preventing systemic infections

Vaccine does not protect against
other encapsulated strains and
unencapsulated strains

Answer 20

capsule b

Question 21

Before the availability of conjugate vaccines in late 1987, H. Infulenzae _____ _ was the most common cause of baterial meningitis in preschool children

Answer 21

type b

Question 22

Without vaccination to Haemophilus influenzae what results?

Answer 22

systemic diseases

Question 23

How is Haemophilus influenzae spread?

Answer 23

aerosol transmission and effects the respiratory tracts in the elderly. `

Question 24

What systemic diseases is one at risk of getting without a vaccine to Haemophilus influenzae?

Answer 24

meningitis
septicemia
cellulitis
epiglottitis

Question 25

Gram -

facultatively intracellular (prevents endosome-lysosome fusion;
autophagosome-like uptake)

Lives and proliferates in the vacuoles of amoebas and in the endoplasmic reticulum of macrophages

Growth up to 46C

Relatively resistant to chlorine and other biocides

Answer 25

Legionella pneumophila

Question 26

Which disease of Legionella pneumophila was discovered by infected roof AC?

Answer 26

Legionnaires disease:

Question 27

What are the virulence factors of Legionnaires disease?

Answer 27

Intracellular growth in alveolar macrophages.

nophagolysosomal fusion

Question 28

What is the transmission method of Legionnaires disease?

Answer 28

aerosol from water sources (living inside amoeba)

No human to human tranmission

Question 29

Gram +

acid resistant

cold resistant (grows from 1-45C)

Salt resistant

Motile

Food bourne pathogen

facultatiely intracellular (enterocytes, macrophages)

Answer 29

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 30

_____ is rare but exposure is common (=10% asymptomatic carriers)

Answer 30

Listeriosis

Question 31

What is a virulence factor for Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 31

Listeriolysin O

pore-forming toxin (phagosome escape)

Question 32

How does Listeria monocytogenes

cross the membrane into a tissue? (2)

Answer 32

through an M cell

endocytosis from macrophages

Question 33

In ______ Listeria that lack lysteriolysin, the oxidative burst in infected macrophages, stimulated by CD4+ T cell IFNg, will eradicate the infection.

Answer 33

mutant

Question 34

In _____ Listeria, where the bacteria escape to the cytoplasm, the additional lytic action by CD8+ CTL s is required before the infection is eradicated.

Answer 34

wild-type

Question 35

immune compromised

neonates

elderly

pregnant women

contaminated food

Answer 35

Epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes