Parasite's Way of life Flashcards
What are the 6 ways a parasite works to maintain vitality?
- Surface colonization
- Finding a nutritionally compatible niche
- Surviving host defenses
- Intracellular life
- Subverting host immune responses
- Transmission to a new host
Preference of bacteria for particular locations in body bacteria vary in specificity = tissue tropism
Surface colonization
Surface colonization is associated with ______ on bacterium
Adhesins
Surface colonization is associated with ______ on host cell
Receptors
On gram _____ bacteria, bacterial proteins on the tips of fimbriae and/or pili often interact with glycolipids and/or glycoproteins of host epithelial cells
Negative
On gram neg bacteria, bacterial proteins on the tips of _____ and/or ____ often interact with glycolipids and/or glycoproteins of host epithelial cells
fimbriae and/or pili
On gram neg bacteria, bacterial proteins on the tips of fimbriae and/or pili often interact with _____ and/or ____ of host epithelial cells
glycolipids and/or glycoproteins
(gram neg) _______ (bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with their own translocated intimin receptor (TIR)
Intimins
gram-_______ bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus)often bind host fibronectin(epithelial cells), which binds to integrins
gram positive
gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus)often bind host fibronectin(epithelial cells), which binds to ______
integrins
gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus)often bind host _______ (epithelial cells), which binds to integrins
fibronectin
___________ = subclass of a large family of bacterial adhesins referred to as Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules or MSCRAMMS
fibronectin binding proteins
fibronectin binding proteins = subclass of a large family of bacterial adhesins referred to as ___________
Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules or MSCRAMMS
Besides fibronectin, what are the 2 other MSCRAMM targets?
Fibrinogen and collagen
many individuals in poor health are ______ deficient
-balance shifts in favors of gram negatives e.g. greater incidence of pneumonias caused by gram-negative bacteria
fibronectin-deficient
(= bacterial adhesins) contain a domain of hundreds of alternating serine residues
-Extend a unique non-repeat (NR) domain that mediates adhesion
serine rich repeat proteins (SRRPs)
______ domain binds sialic acid moieties, keratin, and other domains of a similar SRRP
NR (non repeat domains)
Way a parasite works to maintain vitality?
- Intermittent availability of food for some bacteria e.g. intestinal bacteria
- Adaptation to particular location
Finding a nutritionally compatible niche
____ is an opsonin and part of C3 convertase (alt. pathway) and C5 convertase
C3b
Which complement pathway deals with antibodies?
Classical pathways
____ production in surviving host defenses decreases neutrophil aggregation
C5a peptidase
__________: (part of surviving host defenses)
inhibiting phagocyte recruitment and function
-C5a peptidase production (see figure)
-Increasing cAMP to inhibitory levels
Subverting phagocytosis
_______: enzymes that; compromises internal membrane structure that kills phagocytes
Leukocidins
_______: (Staphylococci and Streptococci)
- expressed on bacterial cell surface
- binds Fc portion of IgG (wrong end)
- these bound antibodies cannot act as opsonins
protein A
Surviving inside _________ includes:
-inhibit lysosomal fusion with phagosome
-escape into the cytoplasm(form pores in phagosome)
-resist lysosomal enzymes
-inhibit phagocyte’s oxidative pathway (respiratory
burst)
surviving inside phagocytes
Penetration of ______ host cells:
-Some bacteria enter host cells by stimulating host cell
membrane protrusion
nonphagocytic
_______: (bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with host E-cadherin
internalins
internalins(bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with host ________
E-cadherin
______ (bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with host integrins
invasins
invasins(bacterial proteins at the the cell surface) interact with host _______
integrins
Parasites intracellularly is dependent upon ______ for motility and spread intracellularly
Actin
What are the 4 ways parasites subvert immune responses?
immunosuppression
superantigens (diverting lymphocyte function)
changing antigenic coats
proteolysis of antibodies
_______ subvert the immune response by changing the specificity of T cell activation process
Superantigens
Superantigens subvert the immune response by changing the specificity of ______ activation process
T cell
Transmission to a new host happens via what 3 ways?
Sneezing/coughing
Diarrhea
Insects
