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Microbiology > Bateria Intro and Staphylococcus > Flashcards

Bateria Intro and Staphylococcus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Reflects a fundamental differentiation based on permeability, presence or absence of outer membrane and cell wall thickness

A

Gram stain differentiation

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2
Q

_______ have more in common with gram positive cocci than with gram negative rods

A

Gram positive rods

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3
Q

§ Found in many body sites; primarily skin infections & wounds; carbuncles; abscesses; leading to life threatening deep tissue infections: osteomyelitis, endocarditis
§ Severe intoxications; Food poisoning

A

Staphylococci

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4
Q

§ S. aureus; S. saprophyticus; S. epidermidis

A

Staphylococci

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5
Q 
§Alpha or beta hemolysis 
Alpha: S. pneumoniae
Beta: Groups A-T; 
Group A most prevalent in human disease
§Oxygen-tolerant anaerobes
A

Streptococci

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6
Q

________:
•Neisseria meningitidis
•Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Gram negative cocci

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7
Q

Gram _____ rods:
•Non-Spore-forming aerobic rods
§Corynebacterium diphtheriae and related diphtheroids
•Spore-forming rods
§Aerobic: Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
§Anaerobic: Clostridium species, C. botulinum; C. tetani; C. perfringens; C. difficile

A

Gram positive rods

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8
Q

•________ gram + rods
§Aerobic: Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
§Anaerobic: Clostridium species, C. botulinum; C. tetani; C. perfringens; C. difficile

A

Spore-forming rods

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9
Q

_______ gram + rods

§Corynebacterium diphtheriae and related diphtheroids

A

•Non-Spore-forming aerobic rods

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10
Q

•Enteric bacteria
§Enterobacteriaceae (facultative anaerobes)
-Escherichia coli; Salmonella spp.; Shigella
spp.;Yersinia spp. (pestis; pseudotuberculosis)

A

ØGram negative rods

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11
Q 
Significant non-enteric \_\_\_\_\_\_ :
§Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
§Haemophilus influenzae
§Bordetella pertussis
§Brucella abortus
§Legionella pneumophila
A

Gm-rods

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12
Q

Which type of bacteria gram stain and shape make up enteric bacteria?

A

Gram neg rods

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13
Q

_________
üMost common organism in the human intestine.
üCan cause serious disease when deposited into deep tissues. (abscesses)
üCan be also be found in gingival pockets
üVery stinky!

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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14
Q

What bacteroides fragilis is what type of bacteria?

A

Gram Neg rods

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15
Q

The following are ____ bacteria

•Mycobacterium tuberculosis; M. leprae

A

Acid-fast bacteria

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16
Q 
The following are \_\_\_\_ bacteria
•Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
•Leptospira spp. (hemorrhagic fever)
•Borrelia recurrentis (relapsing fever)
•Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
A

Spriochetes

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17
Q 
The following are \_\_\_\_ bacteria:
•Chlamydia trachomatis (most common STD)
•Chlamydia pneumoniae
•Rickettsiae (Rocky mountain spotted fever)
•Ehrlichia(arthropod borne) 
•Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
A

Strictly intracellular bacteria

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18
Q

What type of bacteria is staphylococcus?

  • Gram stain
  • rod or cocci
A

Gram + cocci

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19
Q

Is staphylococcus catalase + or -?

A

Catalase +

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20
Q

What is S. aureus aerobic or anaerobic requirements?

A

Facultative anaerobe

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21
Q

Reduces the potential of phagocytes to kill: bubbles when tested

A

catalase

22
Q

The tissue-invasive potential of staphylococcal infections is directly proportional to coagulase production (S.aureus; notin other Staph. species).
•binds prothrombin: fibrinogen is cleaved anti-phagocytic fibrin coating

A

coagulase

23
Q

________: fibrinogen-binding protein:cell surface proteins that bind to foreign materials (like sutures) and to extracellular matrix.

A

clumping factor

24
Q

_____: Anti-phagocytic, competes with neutrophils for Fc portion of opsonizing IgGs(on cell surface of S.aureus but not on other staphylococcal strains)

A

protein A

25
Q

________ secretion: inhibits phagocytosis by granulocytes by forming pores in phagosomal membranes, and kills phagocytes. Major factor in pus formation.

A

leukocidin

26
Q

________ converts plasminogen to plasmin, increasing invasion by digesting fibrin clots and cleaves C3b and IgG to inhibit phagocytosis

A

staphylokinase

27
Q

Enzymatic digestion of penicillins(90% strains have plasmid-based antibiotic resistance)

A

β-lactamase

28
Q

lyse erythrocytes (lab phenomenon)

A

hemolysins:

29
Q

_____ hemolysins: pores) are hemolytic, leukocytic, destroy skin, cause smooth muscle paralysis

A

α-hemolysins

30
Q

______ hemolysins: are cytolytic sphingomyelinases that destroy nerves

A

β-hemolysins

31
Q

______ hemolysins: lyse like related leukocidin on neutrophil lysosomal membranes

A

γ-hemolysins

32
Q

Does complete hemolysis occur with S. aureus?

A

Yes; B-hemolysis

33
Q

Does complete hemolysis occur with S. epidermidis?

A

No

34
Q

______: infection of tissue beneath tissue and skin; purulent

A

Impetigo

35
Q

______: Collection of pus in a naturally-existing anatomical cavity (e.g. lungs)

A

Empyema

36
Q

________ : pus-forming (massive amounts of neutrophils and other leukocytes are lysed by bacterial factors (e.g. leukocidin) and release their lysosomal contents in attempting phagocytic killing of the staphylococci).

A

pyogenic infections

37
Q

folliculitis ->furuncles ->carbuncles(systemic) -> bacteremia fever

A

pyogenic infections

38
Q

______: overrides the specificity of the T-cell response

A

Superantigens

39
Q

Heat-stable (cooking doesnt help!) toxins A, B, C1, C3, D, Eare super-Ag-like: cause of gastrointestinal upset typical of food poisoning

A

enterotoxins

40
Q

________ : mass activation of T cells leads to large production of inflammatory cytokines (heat and protease-resistant TSST-1; chromosomal gene)

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin TSST

41
Q

________ (heat-stable, chromosomal), B (heat-labile, plasmid) : SSSS (staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome)

A

exfoliative toxin

42
Q

______: tampon diseaseIncreased oxygenation of vagina by tampons, and foreign surface adhesion, caused massive growth

A

TSS: Toxic Shock Syndrome

43
Q

Øexfoliative toxins A, B cause loss of layers of the skin in ______: leads to Neutralizing Ab

A

SSSS: Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

44
Q

surgery, implant & instrument risk; slime layers and biofilms that can persist and cause issue

A

Nosocomial Staphylococci

45
Q

Nosocomial (hospital instruments and implants) infections(often coagulase-negative _________

A

S.epidermidis

46
Q

Endocarditis:•acute: 60%_______

A

S.aureus

47
Q

Endocarditis:•if artificial heart valves: 80% _______

A

S.epidermidis

48
Q

________: dental extraction risk staphylococcus species

A

S.epidermidis

49
Q

_____ diseases include:

  • skin and soft tissue infections
  • Endocarditis
  • CNS infections
  • Pulmonary infections
A

Staphylococcus diseases

50
Q

_____ is the most common org responsible for arthritis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

51
Q

Coagulase ____ Staphylococcus: Other Staphylococci like S.epidermidis or S.saprophyticus
•Thick cell wall, slime capsule, (S.saprophyticus: urease secretion→acute cystitis
•Opportunistic hospital pathogens (instruments, catheters, heart valves)

A

Coagulase negative

52
Q

_______ (plasmid): >90% penicillin resistantpenicillin-binding protein 2a (chromosomal): causes Methicillin Resistance 50%of hospital strains are MRSA; 20% of community strains are MRSAWhat can you do in case of (Enterococcus-derived) VRSA ? nothing

A

β-lactamase

Microbiology (46 decks)

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