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Microbiology > Paramyxo Viruses > Flashcards

Paramyxo Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
Species
measles virus
mumps virus
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
parainfluenza viruses
A

Paramyxoviruses (Family = Paramyxoviridae)

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2
Q

Paramyxoviruses

Rhabdoviruses

Orthomyxoviruses

A

Negative strand RNA viruses

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3
Q

Species: rabies virus

A

Rhabdoviruses

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4
Q

Species: influenza viruses A, B and C

A

Orthomyxoviruses

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5
Q

Helical nucleocapsid

Pleomorphic envelope (variable shape)

Hemagglutinin (measles virus) on envelope binds sialic acid on cell surface glycoproteins measles virus binds CD46 protein present on most cells

A

Paramyxoviruses

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6
Q
  1. Virus brings in RNA polymerase which transcribes minus RNA
    into plus RNAs (full length and mRNAs)

2.Replication is cytoplasmic

A

Paramyxovirus replication

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7
Q 
hemagglutinins - envelope glycoproteins
attachment proteins (bind virus to host cells)

F protein - causes membranes to fuse together
role in viral entry into cells
expression on infected cells causes cell-cell fusion
Giant cells (syncytia)

A

Measles virus

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8
Q

t/f: All paramyxoviruses can induce syncytia formation

A

true

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9
Q

• caused by measles virus
• enters body through
respiratory tract
• extremely contagious

skin involvement (partly, inflammation due to host response) humoral and cellular immune responses modulate outcome

A

Measles (Rubeola)

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10
Q

Kroplik Spots

A

characteristic lesions of oral cavity

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11
Q
A

Measles (Rubeola)

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12
Q

is a word describing the symptoms of a head cold. It describes the inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity which usually gives rise to the symptoms of nasal congestion and loss of smell, among other symptoms.

A

Coryza

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13
Q

– Pneumonia (giant cell pneumonitis)
– Bacterial superinfections of middle ear
and lung – pneumococci, staphylococci, and
meningococci

A

complications of Measles (Rubeola)

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14
Q

– rare progressive degeneration of central

nervous system caused by a type of measles virus

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

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15
Q

– symptomatic/supportive therapy
– attenuated measles vaccine
• MMR vaccine (measles, mumps,
rubella) • Live Measles vaccine - 1993

A

treatment, prevention, and control of Measles (Rubeola)

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16
Q

– Paramyxovirus
pleomorphic,
enveloped virus – helical nucleocapsid – negative strand RNA

A

Mumps

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17
Q

– develop 16-18 days after infection
– fever, and swelling and tenderness of salivary glands
– complications include meningitis and orchitis
(inflammation of testis)

A

clinical manifestations of MUMPS

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18
Q

– live, attenuated vaccine (MMR)

A

MUMPS vaccine

19
Q

minus stranded RNA
genome = one segment of RNA

enveloped
G protein binds host cells (instead of a hemagglutinin)

F protein - causes membrane fusion
syncytia formation

virus enter respiratory epithelial cells, then spreads downward
along the respiratory mucosa

no clinically significant spread to distant sites

  • necrosis of epithelial cells
  • infiltration of lymphocytes
  • increased mucous production
A

Respiratory Synctial Virus

20
Q
  • considered to be most dangerous respiratory infections in young children
  • spread by hand contact and respiratory secretions

• clinical manifestations
– acute onset of fever, cough, rhinitis, and nasal congestion
– often progresses quickly to severe bronchiolitis and
pneumonia

• bronchiolitis - bronchiole obstruction that can lead to respiratory failure

host response may account for most serious symptoms

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

21
Q

How is Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) tested?

A

– rapid immunologic tests

22
Q

– negative strand RNA virus

– highly neurotropic

A

Rabies

23
Q

– bites of infected animals
– aerosols in caves where bats roost
– contamination of scratches, abrasions, open wounds, or mucous membranes with saliva of infected animals

A

Rabies Transmission

24
Q

minus stranded RNA

genome = one segment of RNA

enveloped, bullet shaped virus replication is entirely cytoplasmic

A

Rabies virus

25
Q

_____, _____, ____, ___ are four animals common associated with tranmitting the rabies virus.

A

skunk
fox,
bat
raccoon

26
Q

incubation can be up to 12 months after virus enters body
depends on size of inoculum
location of bite
face bite has shorter incubation

A

Rabies virus manifestations

27
Q

______ ____ ascends via the sensory fibers and spreads among the nervous system.

A

rabies virus

28
Q

masses of nucleocapsids in cytoplasm seen in brain tissue of 70-90% of infected humans

A

negri bodies

29
Q

– begin 2 to 16 weeks after exposure
– pain or paresthesia at wound site, anxiety, irritability, depression, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, and sensitivity to light and sound
– Hydrophobia: contractions of muscles involved in
swallowing (sometimes sight of water elicits this)
– quickly progresses to paralysis – death results from destruction of regions of brain that
regulate breathing

A

Clincal manifestations of Rabies Virus

30
Q

– Passive administration of antibody (antiserum or immunoglobulin) (human rabies immune globulin = HRIG
collected from immunized persons)

– postexposure vaccination

– preexposure vaccination of individuals with high risk of exposure, dogs, and cats

A

Treatment, prevention and control of Rabies virus

31
Q

Genus: Influenzavirus - influenza virus A, B and C

minus stranded RNA
enveloped

A

Orthomyxoviruses

32
Q

8 segments of RNA (for influenza viruses _ and _ )

A

A and B

33
Q

7 segments of RNA (for influenza virus _)

A

C

34
Q

uses 5 end of host mRNA to prime viral mRNA synthesis

A

Cap snatching

35
Q

attachment to host cell surface (prior to entry)
binds to sialic acid on epithelial cell surface

promotes membrane fusion (viral-cellular)

binds/aggregates RBCs

elicits protective neutralizing antibody
response

A

Surface Spikes (peplomers)

Hemagglutinin (HA)

36
Q

release of virus from envelope cleaves sialic acid (NA has enzymatic activity)

A

neuraminidase (NA)

37
Q

Typical flu symptoms (fever, headache, muscle aches, malaise) due to ____ ____ q

A

interferon induction

38
Q

–Treat with amantidine, rimantidine (A strain only); ribavirin (A and B)

–inactivated virus vaccine

A

Influenza treatments

39
Q

Changes in influenza virus surface proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) due to point mutations that occur during viral replication is called ____ _____.

A

antigenic drift.

40
Q

_____ _____ in influenza virus are caused by reassortment of viral genomic fragments during a mixed infection by two different influenza viruses

A

Antigenic shifts

41
Q

Antigenic shifts in influenza virus are caused by ________ of viral genomic fragments

A

reassortment

42
Q

_____ play an important role as a “mixing vessel” for influenza viruses from humans, birds, and pigs. This is because pigs can become infected by these different influenza viruses.

A

Pigs

43
Q

killed 50 million world-wide

victims usually young and previously healthy

Likely killed via a “cytokine storm” in victims with strong immune system

unchecked positive feedback loop between cytokines and cellular response result: too many immune system cells activated in an single space à tissue damage

A

1918 flu pandemic: “spanish influenza”

44
Q

genome recovered in 1997 from victim in permafrost grave in Alaska

Sequencing showed the virus originated in birds and mutated to be infectious in human

A

H1N1 Virus

Microbiology (46 decks)

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