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Microbiology > Oral Bacteria A > Flashcards

Oral Bacteria A Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

> _____ different species present in oral cavity

A

700

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2
Q

less than ____ of the oral bacteria have been cultured

A

half

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3
Q

_____methods of oral bacteria: collect saliva, tongue blade, scrape from tooth surface, wick fluid from deep pockets (endodontic paper)

A

sampling

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4
Q

Molecular techniques to ID oral bacteria -often target ______ genes

A

16S rRNA genes

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5
Q

To ID bacteria, molecular techinques target the 16S rRNA gene which has a conserved and a variable portion. Which portion of this gene contains specific sites unique to individual bacteria to ID them?

A

Variable regions

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6
Q

_____
•Biofilmon tooth surface
•One of the highest concentrations of bacteria in the body

A

Dental plaque

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7
Q

Colonizing bacteria interact with acquired _____

A

pellicle

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8
Q

T/F: Bacteria never come in contact with a clean tooth surface.

A

True

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9
Q

Tooth surface is coated with an _______
•film deposited on tooth surface
•film composition =
-molecules in saliva (predominant)
-material shed from bacterial cell surfaces
-polymers from gingival crevicular fluid

A

acquired pellicle

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10
Q

Initial colonization to pellicle surface is by ____ species

A

Streptococcus species

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11
Q

What 4 strep sp make up the initial colonizing bacteria to pellicle?

A

Streptococcus gordonii
Streptococcus oralis
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus sanguis(now sanguinis)

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12
Q

______ on bacterial surface bind to receptors in the pellicle.

A

Adhesins

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13
Q

Adhesins on bacterial surface bind to ______ in the pellicle.

A

receptors

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14
Q

Pellicle receptors= polymers from what 2 things?

A

saliva and bacteria

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15
Q

Is adhesion to the pellicle reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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16
Q

__________ are important adhesins (Strep)

Bind human salivary glycoproteins, other bacteria and calcium

A

Antigen I/II

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17
Q

Subsequent attachment of these species and other bacterial species occurs by _______ after initial colonization

A

coaggregation

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18
Q

_________
•bacteria binding to other bacteria
•additional bacteria bind to early-binding bacteria and to each other
•multiple species

A

coaggregation

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19
Q

The Important species at the coaggregation stage are what 3 bacteria?

A

Actinomyces naeslundii
Actinomyces viscosus
Streptococcus gordonii

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20
Q

Once coaggregation occurs, a Microenvironment created that supports additional species
-Bacteria multiply in the developing biofilm

A

Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus sobrinus

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21
Q

Streptococci produce _________

•extracellular enzymes polymerize the glucose moiety of sucrose into glucan polymers and other polysaccharides

A

glucosyltransferases

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22
Q

_______ = branched-chain polysaccharides
Alpha(1à6) linkage
Alpha(1à3) linkage

A

Glucans

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23
Q

______ are like cement
Bacteria bind to these
Bacteria are bound to each other and to matrix of these

A

Glucans

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24
Q

Once glucans are produced, oxygen levels drop and late colonizers include obligate anaerobes which include what 3 bacteria species? Especially between teeth and dental gingival crevice

A

Prevotella melaninogenicus
Prevotella oralis
Veillonella spp.

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25
Q

After oxygen levels drop, Get some _______ of bacteria and _______ of new sites

A

detachment; colonization

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26
Q

Altered properties of bacteria in a biofilm include what 3 things?

A
  1. Up-regulation of genes for extracellular polysaccharide synthesis
  2. Increased resistance to antimicrobial agents
  3. Metabolic interaction between closely spaced bacteria
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27
Q

Plaque eventually reaches a __________ = stability in bacterial composition

A

microbial homeostasis

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28
Q

Breakdown of homeostasis alters _________
•reduction in saliva flow
•increased consumption of sucrose

A

bacterial composition

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29
Q

Bacterial role in caries development is mainly due to what bacteria?

A

Mutans streptococci

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30
Q

Fermentation in biofilm produces _______

A

lactic acid

31
Q

_____ demineralizes teeth

  • Solubilizes calcium and phosphate (produced from hydroxyapatite)
  • Get reprecipitation when pH increases (becomes less acidic)
A

Acid

32
Q

Prolonged acidic environment created by regular snacking on high sucrose foods cause greater demineralization or remineralization?

A

Demineralization

33
Q

Enamel or dentin dissolves slowly

A

Enamel

34
Q

_______ more easily attacked and colonized by bacteria; it is protein rich/many different bacteria can grow

A

Dentin

35
Q

60% of individual >60 years old have _______

A

Root caries

36
Q

What are the likely pathogens of root surface caries?

A

Strep mutans and lactobacilli

37
Q

Pathogenic bacteria Rapidly transport fermentable sugars/convert to _____

A

acid

38
Q

Cariogenic bacteria have multiple sugar transportersIncluding ______ systems

A

PEP-PTS

39
Q

_______ -molecule transported into the cell while being chemically altered

A

Group translocation

40
Q

Pathogenic bacteria produce _____ and ______ polysaccs

A

Extra and intracellular

41
Q

Glucans and Fructans are ______ polysaccs

A

(extracellular)

42
Q

______polysaccs: storage -allows acid production even when sucrose in not available

A

Intracellular

43
Q

What are the 3 ways cariogenic bacteria have the Ability to maintain sugar metabolism under extreme conditions?

A

a. maintain a favorable intracellular environment
b. bacterial enzymes have more acidic pH optima
c. produce acid-stress response proteins to protect cell contents

44
Q

______ usage is coupled to protons being pumped out

A

ATP

45
Q

Notable property of noncariogenic bacteria= _______ production

A

Alkali

46
Q

_____ and _______ are the major substrates for alkali production via the generation of ammonia (NH3)

A

Urea and arginine

47
Q 
The following virulence factors are associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
SpaP
Glucosyltransferases
Glucan-binding proteins
Fructosyltransferase
Fructanase
Dextranase
Intracellular polysacs
PEP-PTS system
ATPase
Acid tolerance and adaptation
A

Strep mutans

48
Q

_____ is a virulence factor of Strep mutans: adherence, binding to saliva coated tooth surfaces and salivary afflutinin

A

SpaP

49
Q

_____ is a virulence factor of Strep mutans: procudtion of alpha1/3 and 1/6 linked polymers of glucose from sucrose; important for adherence and biofilm accumulation

A

Glucosyltransferases

50
Q

_____ is a virulence factor of Strep mutans: binding of glucans produced by Glucosyltransferases; adherence to teeth; biofilm accumulation

A

Glucan-binding proteins

51
Q

_____ is a virulence factor of Strep mutans: production of beta 1/2,6 linked polymers of fructose from sucrose that can primarily serve as an extracellular reserve of carbs; possibly implicated in adherence

A

Fructosyltransferase

52
Q

_____ is a virulence factor of Strep mutans: hydrolysis of fructan polymers produced by Ftf; extends depth and duration of acidification

A

Fructanase

53
Q

_____ is a virulence factor of Strep mutans: endo-hydrolytic cleavage of alpha 1,6 linked glucans; remodeling of glucan polymers to make them more water insoluble and releases glucose from polymers that can be used to produce acids

A

Dextranase

54
Q

_____ is a virulence factor of Strep mutans: Large enzyme complex that uses ATP to pump protons from the cytoplasm; critical in acid tolerance

A

ATPase

55
Q

__________ hypothesis-disease is due to the host response to non-specific growth of bacteria on tooth surfaces(inflammatory disease)

A

Non-specific plaque hypothesis

56
Q

Is Non-specific plaque hypothesis associated with infection or inflammatory disease?

A

inflammatory disease

57
Q

Is specific plaque hypothesis associated with infection or inflammatory disease?

A

Infection

58
Q

_______ hypothesis-disease is due to a limited number of species which produce biologically active molecules that are proinflammatory or antigenic (infection)

A

Specific plaque hypothesis

59
Q

______ hypothesis:
Traditional view
Bacterial complexity of dental plaque
Non-specific mechanisms of generating inflammatory response
LPS
Also:volatile fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, isobutyrate)sulfides (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan)
Treatment dictates that flora be suppressed continuously or periodically

A

Non-specific plaque hypothesis

60
Q 
1-5 out of 1000 teenagers
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans 
can invade gingival tissues
produces a leukotoxin (LT) that inhibits neutrophils
is a treatable bacterial infection
locally delivered antimicrobial agents
systemic tetracycline treatment
A

Localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP)(now classified as aggressive periodontitis)

61
Q

Trench mouth of World War I
Spirochetes and Fusobacterium nucleatum
controlled by antibiotic mouth rinses with oxidizing agents
also systemic metronidazole (antibiotic) treatment

A

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)

62
Q

_____ hypothesis:
Localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP)(now classified as aggressive periodontitis)
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)
Consider both early-onset and adult forms of disease

A

Specific plaque hypothesis

63
Q

_______ can invade gingival tissues

produces a leukotoxin (LT) that inhibits neutrophils; Main bacteria of LJP

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

64
Q 
The following virulence factors are associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
•Leukotoxin
•Invasins
•Bacteriocin
Capsular polysaccharide
•Phospholipase C
A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

65
Q

______ is a virulence factor of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Cytotoxic to human PMNs, monocytes, and T-lymphoctyes

A

Leukotoxin

66
Q

______ is a virulence factor of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: –Aids in bacteria penetrating eukaryotic cells

A

•Invasins

67
Q

______ is a virulence factor of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Inhibition of growth or killing of other bacterial species, streptococcus sanguis and actinomyces viscosus

A

Bacteriocin

68
Q

______ is a virulence factor of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans:•Resistance to phagocytosis by PMNs, reduction in complement dependent response by PMNs, increase In bone resorption

A

Capsular polysaccharide

69
Q

______ is a virulence factor of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: •Hydrolyzation of host cell membrane

A

•Phospholipase C

70
Q 
The following virulence factors are associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
•Capsule
•Hemolysin
•Leukocidin/leukotoxin
•Superoxide dismutase
A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

71
Q

______ is a virulence factor of Prevotella intermedia: §metabolic end-product of hemin, acts as a defensive barrier that protects the bacteria from the toxic effects of oxygen

A

•The brown or black pigment

72
Q

______ is a virulence factor of Prevotella intermedia: §Degrade host tissues and cleave other host derived molecules; what 3 things?

A

•Collagenase, hyaluronidase, and protease

73
Q

______ is a virulence factor of Prevotella intermedia: §Enhanced by the action of proteases§Favors the acquisition of iron, which is an essential nutrient to their metabolism and their survival

A

•Hemolysin

74
Q

The following virulence factors are associated with _______:
•The brown or black pigment
•Collagenase, hyaluronidase, and protease
•Hemolysin

A

Prevotella intermedia

Microbiology (46 decks)

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