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Microbiology > Coronavirsues > Flashcards

Coronavirsues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are coronaviruses + or - strain RNA or DNA viruses?

A

+ strand RNA viruses

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2
Q

Are coronaviruses enveloped?

A

Yes

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3
Q

_____ is the agent of COVID-19

- cause of up to 30% of common colds

A

SARS-CoV-2

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4
Q

______ is agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

SARS-CoV

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5
Q

_____ = atypical pneumonia

- jumped from animals to humans

A

§SARS

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6
Q

_____ is a viral respiratory illness; 30-40% mortality rate

A

MERS

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7
Q

______ can be asymptomatic or presymptomatic; mild, moderate, severe, and critical:

A

SARS-CoV-2

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8
Q

______ is a viral respiratory illness that has a 30-40% mortality rate.

A

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV)

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9
Q

Coronavirus has a (+) grna which allows it to udnergo transcription ______.

A

immediately.

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10
Q

individuals who have SpO2 <94% on room air at sea level, a ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) <300 mmHg, respiratory frequency >30 breaths per minute or lung infiltrates >50%.

A

Severe illness caused by SARS-CoV-2

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11
Q

Individuals who have respiratory failure, septic shock, and or multiple organ dysfunction

A

critical illness caused bu SARS-CoV-2`

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12
Q

Severe acute respiratory syndrome in severe/critical illness

A

SARS

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13
Q

SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through a _____ receptor.

A

ACE2

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14
Q
  1. Direct Cytotoxic effect
  2. Dysregulation of the RAAS
  3. Endothelial cell damage and thromboinflammation
  4. Dysregulated immune response
A

Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2

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15
Q

angiotensin converting enzyme (cleaves angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) to angiotensin 1-7 (vasodialator) ACE2 activity lowers blood pressure

A

ACE2

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16
Q

transmembrane protease, serine 2 (cleaves (“primes”) Spike protein)

A

TMPRSS2

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17
Q

renin angiotensin aldosterone system (blood pressure regulation)

A

RAAS

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18
Q

T/F: COVID 19 is associated with deterious effects on many other oragn systems.

A

true

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19
Q

+ stranded RNA viruses

do not have envelope

A

Picornaviruses

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20
Q

habitat = gastrointestinal tract include: poliovirus and coxsackievirus

echoviruses - enteric cytopathic human orphan viruses

A

enteroviruses

a category of Picornaviruses

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21
Q

habitat = respiratory epithelium

A

rhinoviruses

a category of Picornaviruses

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22
Q

very stable in food and water also stable at pH 3 (stomach)

A

Enteroviruses:

23
Q

t/f: Organ involvement for enteroviruses:
only occurs if viremia persists
usually does not; <5% typically

A

true

24
Q

Sensitive to acidic pH Replicate poorly above 33 C

A

Rhinoviruses

25
Q

3 antigenic types PV 1, PV2, PV3 Capsid differences between types

Icosahedral capsid (30 nm - small!)

plus strand RNA genome 7500 nt in length

A

poliovirus

26
Q

poliovirus receptor (PVR)

A

CD155

27
Q

RNA alone can cause infection!

-shown by researchers

A

POLIOVIRUS

28
Q

destruction of host cells
virus is shed into stool
up to 10,000 virus per infected cell) even weeks to months after symptoms
gone

A

lytic virus

29
Q

Transmission of polio virus

A

fecal-oral

30
Q

Internal Ribosome Entry Site

A

Poliovirus IRES

31
Q

T/F: IRES serves as the “cap” of the viral RNA, promoting translation of viral RNA into viral proteins

A

true

32
Q

Because of____, translation starts far from the 5 end of poliovirus RNA (normal mRNA translation starts near 5’ end)

A

IRES

33
Q

results from destruction of anterior horn cells in spinal cord

A

Flaccid Paralysis (poliovirus)

34
Q

most severe form
respiratory muscle paralysis (medulla oblongata)
~25% mortality

A

Bulbar poliomyelitis

35
Q

Live oral vaccine (Sabin) mimics the normal infection process of poliovirus

Killed parenteral vaccine (Salk) only generates serum antibodies

A

Poliovirus vaccines

36
Q

aseptic meningitis

herpangina- sudden onset of fever vesicles/ulcers on tonsils and palate

A

group A coxsackieviruses

37
Q

hand, foot, and mouth disease blisters on hand, feet, and palate

A

coxsackievirus type A16

38
Q

heart (myocarditis)

respiratory tract (pleurodynia)

mucous membranes of eye (hemorrhagic conjunctivitis)

A

group B coxsackieviruses

39
Q

~ 100 serotypes
account for ~1/2 the cases of the common cold bind to respiratory epithelial cells

ICAM-1 (most) or VLDL receptor (some) replication details very similar to poliovirus

Acid sensitive and 33oC optimum for replication
no tissue destruction

A

Rhinoviruses

40
Q

Vaccine prospects for Rhinoviruses are______ due to too many variants

A

poor

41
Q

viruses transmitted by arthropods

multiply in tissues of vector, often without producing disease

For many arboviruses humans are dead-end hosts:

viremia of short duration
virus levels in blood are low

A

Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses)

42
Q

plus stranded RNA (single linear molecule)

enveloped

A

Togaviruses

43
Q

2 phases of translation -first produce early proteins and then late proteins -like coronavirus

A

Togavirus replication

44
Q

Member of Togavirus family
Rubivirus genus but not arthropod-borne

Rubella = German measles
one of the 5 childhood exanthems (along with measles, roseola, chickenpox, and fifth disease)

A

Rubella virus

45
Q

plus stranded RNA (single linear molecule)

enveloped

A

Flaviviruses

46
Q

mostly mild illness (Zika fever) except for congenital infection of fetus, which leads to microcephaly and other birth defects transmitted by mosquitos from person to person (most common)
Aedes aegypti mosquito (worldwide distribution of A. aegypti below)

A

Zika virus (a Flavivirus)

47
Q

T/f: Zika virus is also transmitted sexually

A

true

48
Q

most prevalent disease caused by arboviruses

does not cause significant mortality

A

Dengue fever

49
Q

generally not a zoonosis: transmitted by mosquitos from person to person

A

Dengue fever

50
Q

when partial immunity exists due to prior infection dengue hemorrhagic shock (DHS) dengue shock syndrome (DSS)
due to immune enhancement. virus forms immune complex/readily enter macrophages increases viral load

A

Dengue fever

51
Q

historical importance
– first human disease found to be caused by a virus
– first viral disease confirmed to be spread by insect vector
– Mosquito: Aedes aegypti • spread by two methods (via mosquito)
– human to human
– monkey to human

A

yellow fever

52
Q

– severe cases of ____ ____ results in

• jaundice • lesions and hemorrhaging of infected organs

A

yellow fever

53
Q

____ ____ is treated via attenuated live vaccine and insect control measures

A

yellow fever

Microbiology (46 decks)

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