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Microbiology > Principles 1- Part A > Flashcards

Principles 1- Part A Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 microorganisms that make up the microbiome of the human body?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa

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2
Q

Symbionts that harm or live at the expense of their host

A

Parasitic organisms

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3
Q

_____: microbes frequently found on or within the bodies of healthy persons

A

Normal microbiota-

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4
Q

______–growth and multiplication of parasite on or within host

A

Infection

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5
Q

______–disease resulting from infection

A

Infectious disease

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6
Q

______–any parasitic organism that causes infectious disease

A

Pathogen

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7
Q

______ pathogen –causes disease by direct interaction with host

A

primary (frank) pathogen

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8
Q

______ pathogen –causes disease only under certain circumstances

A

opportunistic pathogen

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9
Q

______–ability of parasite to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity

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10
Q

______-any component of a pathogenic microbe that is required for or that potentiates its ability to cause disease

A

Virulence factor

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11
Q

What are the 6 steps in an infectious disease?

A 
Encounter
Entry
Spread 
Multiplication
Damage
Outcome
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12
Q

What are the 3 forms of encounter of an infectious disease?

A

Exogenous
Endogenous
Congenital

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13
Q

____ is a form of entry of an infectious disease regarding inhalation or ingestion

A

Ingress

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14
Q

____ is a form of entry of an infectious disease regarding microbes pass through epithelia directly (via attachment and internalization), insect bites, cuts and wounds, organ transplants and blood transfusions

A

Penetration

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15
Q

______: the collection of all the microorganisms living in association with the human body

A

Human Microbiome

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16
Q

Bacteria in an average human body number ____ times more than human cells

A

ten

17
Q

T/F: Bacteria in the microbiome of a healthy individual are essential for maintaining health

A

True

18
Q

______ do all of the following:
produce some vitamins that we do not have the genes to make
break down our food to extract nutrients we need to survive
teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders
produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds that fight off other disease-causing microbes
occupy space to crowd out disease-causing microbes
detoxification of carcinogens but sometimes are the source of carcinogen production

A

Bacteria

19
Q

Changes in the composition of our microbiomes correlate with numerous _____ states

A

disease

20
Q

Locations in body with _____ amounts of bacteria:
skin (especially moist areas)
respiratory tract (nose and oropharynx)
digestive tract (mouth and large intestine)
urinary tract (anterior parts of urethra)
genital system (vagina)

A

Largest

21
Q 
Some body locations have \_\_\_\_\_ amounts of bacteria:
.blood,
 cerebrospinal fluid, 
synovial fluid,
 deep tissues
A

no; sterile

22
Q

Other body locations have ____ numbers of bacteria: Remainder of respiratory and digestive tracts

A

small

23
Q

_____ -overgrowth of particular bacteria in gingival crevices

A

periodontitis

24
Q

______ -defenses lowered and microaspirations of pneumococci

A

pneumonia

25
Q

The oral flora includes what 4 things?

A

bacteria (and archeae)
fungi
protozoa (eukaryotes)
viruses

26
Q

~____ different species of bacteria are estimated to be present in the oral cavity

A

700

27
Q

What are the 5 main oral habitats for the oral flora?

A 
buccal mucosa
dorsum of tongue
tooth surfaces
crevicular epithelium
dental appliances
28
Q

______ is:
saliva mixture of inorganic ions
organic constituents
proteins and glycoproteins (e.g. mucin)
promotes adhesion of bacteria on tooth surfaces organic components form a coating on tooth surfaces= salivary pellicle
source of food
promotes aggregation of bacteria, facilitating their clearance from mouth
inhibits growth of microbes by non-specific defense factors
maintains pH

A

Saliva

29
Q

_______ that create areas that are difficult to clean:
shape and topography of teeth
e.g. fissures
malalignment of teeth
poor quality of restorations (e.g. fillings and bridges)
non-keratinized sulcular epithelium

A

anatomical features

30
Q

components form a coating on tooth surfaces called the _______

A

salivary pellicle

31
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used for the following:
flushing microbes out of crevice
source of nutrients for microbes
maintains pH specific and non-specific defense factors
phagocytosis
   neutrophils main phagocyte
A

gingival crevicular fluid

Microbiology (46 decks)

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