Principles 1- Part A Flashcards
What are the 4 microorganisms that make up the microbiome of the human body?
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Symbionts that harm or live at the expense of their host
Parasitic organisms
_____: microbes frequently found on or within the bodies of healthy persons
Normal microbiota-
______–growth and multiplication of parasite on or within host
Infection
______–disease resulting from infection
Infectious disease
______–any parasitic organism that causes infectious disease
Pathogen
______ pathogen –causes disease by direct interaction with host
primary (frank) pathogen
______ pathogen –causes disease only under certain circumstances
opportunistic pathogen
______–ability of parasite to cause disease
Pathogenicity
______-any component of a pathogenic microbe that is required for or that potentiates its ability to cause disease
Virulence factor
What are the 6 steps in an infectious disease?
Encounter Entry Spread Multiplication Damage Outcome
What are the 3 forms of encounter of an infectious disease?
Exogenous
Endogenous
Congenital
____ is a form of entry of an infectious disease regarding inhalation or ingestion
Ingress
____ is a form of entry of an infectious disease regarding microbes pass through epithelia directly (via attachment and internalization), insect bites, cuts and wounds, organ transplants and blood transfusions
Penetration
______: the collection of all the microorganisms living in association with the human body
Human Microbiome
Bacteria in an average human body number ____ times more than human cells
ten
T/F: Bacteria in the microbiome of a healthy individual are essential for maintaining health
True
______ do all of the following:
produce some vitamins that we do not have the genes to make
break down our food to extract nutrients we need to survive
teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders
produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds that fight off other disease-causing microbes
occupy space to crowd out disease-causing microbes
detoxification of carcinogens but sometimes are the source of carcinogen production
Bacteria
Changes in the composition of our microbiomes correlate with numerous _____ states
disease
Locations in body with _____ amounts of bacteria:
skin (especially moist areas)
respiratory tract (nose and oropharynx)
digestive tract (mouth and large intestine)
urinary tract (anterior parts of urethra)
genital system (vagina)
Largest
Some body locations have \_\_\_\_\_ amounts of bacteria: .blood, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, deep tissues
no; sterile
Other body locations have ____ numbers of bacteria: Remainder of respiratory and digestive tracts
small
_____ -overgrowth of particular bacteria in gingival crevices
periodontitis
______ -defenses lowered and microaspirations of pneumococci
pneumonia
The oral flora includes what 4 things?
bacteria (and archeae)
fungi
protozoa (eukaryotes)
viruses
~____ different species of bacteria are estimated to be present in the oral cavity
700
What are the 5 main oral habitats for the oral flora?
buccal mucosa dorsum of tongue tooth surfaces crevicular epithelium dental appliances
______ is:
saliva mixture of inorganic ions
organic constituents
proteins and glycoproteins (e.g. mucin)
promotes adhesion of bacteria on tooth surfaces organic components form a coating on tooth surfaces= salivary pellicle
source of food
promotes aggregation of bacteria, facilitating their clearance from mouth
inhibits growth of microbes by non-specific defense factors
maintains pH
Saliva
_______ that create areas that are difficult to clean:
shape and topography of teeth
e.g. fissures
malalignment of teeth
poor quality of restorations (e.g. fillings and bridges)
non-keratinized sulcular epithelium
anatomical features
components form a coating on tooth surfaces called the _______
salivary pellicle
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used for the following: flushing microbes out of crevice source of nutrients for microbes maintains pH specific and non-specific defense factors phagocytosis neutrophils main phagocyte
gingival crevicular fluid
