Hepatitis Flashcards
______-a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
______ cell death releases bilirubin, which causes jaundice (Hepatitis)
hepatocyte
______ is a biproduct of heme metabolism in the liver (where heme is detoxified)
bilirubin
_______ viruses have a strong tropism for the liver and preferentially replicate in the hepatocyte;
85% of liver cells are hepatocytes
Therefore these viruses primarily cause liver disease
Hepatitis
Hepatitis viruses have a strong tropism for the liver and preferentially replicate in the _______
hepatocyte
______ hepatitis (A and E)
Hit and run
Fecal-oral
Infectious hepatitis
Which forms of hepatitis are categorized as Infectious hepatitis?
A and E
Which forms of hepatitis are categorized as serum hepatitis?
B,C, and D
______ hepatitis (B,C, and D)
Hide and infiltrate
Blood & sexual fluids
Serum hepatitis
linear + ssRNA picornaviridae –icosahedral, naked capsid virus –positive strand linear RNA --spread by fecal-oral contamination of food, drink, or shellfish
Hep A
_____ virus is shed into bile ducts and into intestine and passes out of the body in the feces; directly kills hepatocytes
HAV, and HEV
•clinical manifestations of ____ virus:
–usually mild intestinal infection
–occasionally viremia occurs, leading to liver infection
•jaundice
Treated via vacc and post-exposure immune globulin
HAV
Which virus?
In highly endemic regions, almost all children become infected in first few years of life-most remain asymptomatic
-adults from nonendemic regions who become infected are more likely to display symptoms
HAV
nicked circular mostly dsDNA hepadnaviridae Enveloped Smallest viral genome: 3200 nucleotides •3 distinct viral particles
Hepatitis B
What are the 3 distinct viral particles of Hep B?
–22 nm particle
–Variable tubular/filamentous particle (22 nm diameter)
–42 nm Dane particle (infective form of virus)
Which Hep B surface antigen is the main component?
HBsAg-S
RT occurs during viral assembly, unlike retroviruses
Reverse transcription is by viral reverse transcriptase
Transcription is by hostRNA polymerase
HBV
______ is a processed form of the core, HBcAg.
is mostly secreted from infected cells and found in bloodstream. Useful marker for HBV infection.
HBeAg
Both types of _____ particles are empty envelopes. Most are spherical.Up to 1013particles per mL!
22 nm
Priming of reverse transcription by ______ of viral polymerase by adding first nucleotide to a tyrosine residue of it
TP (terminal protein domain)
_______ immune response determines course of HBV infection
Cell-mediated
______ lymphocytes kill infected hepatocytes
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
HBV does not directly kill hepatocytes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ directed against MHC class I proteins bound to viral antigens on hepatocyte surface
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Killing of hepatocytes also occurs by _____ release that promotes inflammation and tissue damage
cytokine
_____ % infants infected with HBV become chronically infected; immature cell-mediated immune response
90%
________ :increased cell division due to regeneration -increases chances of mutations
peroxides and free radicals from CTL killing
Hepatocellular carcinoma
–vaccination recommended for all infants in USA
–HBsAg particles produced in yeast
–passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure
–reverse transcriptase inhibitors (originally anti-HIV drugs)
HBV
Hep _____
Circular -ssRNA
deltaviridae
–Depends on HBV virus to replicate
Hepatitis D
Chronic HBV infection exacerbated by infection with ________
hepatitis delta virus
Hep ______
linear + ssRNA
flaviviridae
enveloped•In addition to transmission through blood and sexual fluid, also spreads from mother to fetus, by fecal-oral route, and through organ transplants
Hepatitis C
\_\_\_\_\_ also does not directly kill hepatocytes Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against MHC class I proteins bound to viral antigens on hepatocyte surface Killing also occurs by cytokine release that promotes inflammation and tissue damage
HCV
_______: immune complex disease of kidney and other sites-disease outside of liver
Inflammation and blockage of small and medium blood vessels caused by cryoglobulin deposition (HCV)
Mixed cryoglobulinemia
Are most cases of HBV lead to recovery or persistent infection?
Recovery
Are most cases of HCV lead to recovery or persistent infection?
Persistent infection
Hep _____
linear + ssRNA
caliciviridae
Not budding; released as and naked capsid virus
Hepatitis E
- spread in contaminated food and drink (like HAV)
* human-to human transmission and animal-to-human transmission (common source = pigs) (zoonosis).
HEV
____ shed into bile ducts and into intestine and passes out of the body in the feces
-directly kills hepatocyte
HEV, and HAV
