Helicobacter-Psuedomonas-Bordetella-Corynebacterium Flashcards
What shape and gram stain is helicobacter pylori?
Gram - vibrio
The following are virulence factors of \_\_\_\_\_\_: Urease VacA CagA Mucinase Flagella
Helicobacter pylori
____: protein acts on gastric mucosal epithelia and promotes flow of urea into stomach; virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori
VacA
_____ protein: injected into host epithelia cells change (prelude to cancer); virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori
CagA
_____: degrades mucus later for bacterial invasion;virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori
Mucinase
_____: (urea ->ammonia ->pH increase, neutralization of stomach acid); virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori
urease
Initial infection induces a low grade immune response with IgM, followed by IgA and IgG production.
This suppresses bacterial growth and leads to the typical low-level persistent infection which remains symptom-free for 80-90% of carriers
Gastric ulcer
For a _____, there is no proven preventative measure. Most infections cured by 2 antibiotics together plus a med to suppress stomach acid
Gastric ulcer
Organisms survive the acidity of stomach juices by producing a powerful ______
Urease
Upon reaching the later of mucus, the bacteria penetrate to the epithelial surface where bacterial products incite an ____ response
Inflammatory response
Once the mucus layer is thinned, between ____ and ____ % of infected individuals develop ulcers
10-20%
What bacteria is the most common associated bacteria with gastric ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
Does H. pylori confer antibiotic resistance?
Yes
Are most people infected with H pylori symptomatic or asymptomatic?
Asympomatic
Gram− short rods polar flagella(one or more; high mobility) obligate aerobe simple nutrient requirements (acetate) broad temperature range: 20 to 43 ºC
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the gram stain and shape of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Gram - rods
What is the O2 requirements of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Obligate aerobes
The following virulence factors are characteristic of \_\_\_\_\_: Pili Flagellum Siderophores Pyocyanin Exotoxin A Alginate Capsule LPS
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
____ is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa used for adherence, protection from dehydration, and immune evasion; helps to form biofilm
Alginate
____ is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa used for endotoxicity, core interacts with CFTR; protects from complement-mediated killing
LPS
_____ is opportunistic pathogen(in case of disease, cancer, weakened immunity):
1.common in environment (water, soil)
+ Hot tubs are perfect culture conditions (due to heat tolerance)
2.resistance to many chemical desinfectants (like iodine)
3.R-plasmid based resistance to many antibiotics
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
major problem in hospitals (nosocomial infections)
- lungs: artificial ventilators, cystic fibrosis(mucoid strains)
- skin: burn victims, folliculitis
- bladder infections
- ear infections (swimmer’s ear: otitis externa)
- eye infections (from contact lenses)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Soluble blue-green dye _____ and ______ characterize P.aeriginosa
pyocyanin and pyoverdin
_____ is usually a nosocomial infection and clinically seen in pulmonary conditions like CF patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is Bordetella pertussis gram stain and shape?
Gram - coccobacilli
What is Bordetella pertussis O2 requirements
Strict aerobe
Gram−coccobacilli
strict aerobe
non-motile, capsule
Bordetella pertussis
________: Show dense surface growth in the lower respiratory tract (bronchi, bronchioli) without cell invasion and with strong mucus secretion.
Bordetella pertussis
____ is highly contagious; causes whooping cough; childhood disease
Bordetella pertussis
_____ is a condition characterized by adhesion to ciliated respiratory tract cells but NOT invasive
Whooping cough(pertussis)
The following virulence factors are associated with _________:
Pertussis toxin ptx
secreted invasive adenylate cyclase / hemolysin
Tracheal cytotoxin
Bordetella pertussis
____ is a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis:
ADP-ribosylation of G-protein: cAMPmucusand other secretions
pertussis toxin ptx
____ is a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis:
increases cAMP
secreted invasive adenylate cyclase / hemolysin
____ is a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis:
(Nitric Oxide NOrelease) kills ciliated cells
toxin is a component of peptidoglycan disaccharride-tetrapeptide
Tracheal cytotoxin
Most gram negative bacteria keep ____ within the cell wall by using a transporter protein to recycle it. (Bordetella pertussis)
TCT
_____ not capable of recycling TCT and it escapes to the surrounding environment.
B. pertussis
_____ is treated via the DTAP vaccine; transmitted via aerosol; children’s disease
Bordetella pertussis
What is the gram stain and shape of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Gram+pleiomorphic (club-shaped) rods
Gram+pleomorphic (club-shaped)rods
facultative anaerobe
opportunistic pathogen
oral pathogen with systemic effects
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What disease does Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause?
Diphtheria
_____ is characteristics include pseudomembrane in the throat; heart, kidney damage (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
Diphtheria
_____- inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating an elongation factor of eukaryotic cells. Kills local cells in the throat but can also by carried in the blood stream to various organs
Diphtheria
Virulence Factors of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: throat adhesion ____________: (ADP-ribosylationof EF-2 causing translation stop)
cell death -> pseudomembrane
Pseudomembrane= C.diphtheriae cells + damaged host cells + blood
-Block air passage
diphtheria toxin
\_\_\_\_\_\_ (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) •paralysis -impaired swallowing peripheral neuritis •Suffocation (due to blockage)systemic: •cardiac arrhythmia •kidney failure
Diphtheria toxins
______ is spread via saliva droplets; prevented by toxoid vaccination
Diphtheria toxin
