Principles 1- Part C

Question 1

What are the 3 terms used to describe the layers of material lying outside the cell wall of prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Capsules, Slime Layers, and S-Layers•

Question 2

______ •usually composed of polysaccharides

•well organized and not easily removed from cell

Answer 2

capsules

Question 3

______ •similar to capsules except diffuse, unorganized and easily removed

Answer 3

slime layers

Question 4

_____–network of polysaccharides extending from the surface of the cell
–a capsule or slime layer composed of polysaccharides

Answer 4

glycocalyx

Question 5

FUnctions of _____ include:
•protection from viral infection or predation by bacteria
•protection from chemicals in environment (e.g., detergents)
•motility of gliding bacteria
•protection against osmotic stress

Answer 5

Capsule/Slime layers

Question 6

–short, thin, hairlike, proteinaceous appendages
•up to 1,000/cell
–mediate attachment to surfaces

Answer 6

fimbriae

Question 7

–similar to fimbriae except longer, thicker, and less numerous (1-10/cell)
–required for mating

Answer 7

sex pili

Question 8

____ are polysaccharide appendages on prokaryotes

Answer 8

LPS

Question 9

What are the 3 parts of flagella?

Answer 9

Filament
Basal body
Hook

Question 10

–one flagellum

Answer 10

•monotrichous

Question 11

–flagellum at end of cell

Answer 11

•polar flagellum

Question 12

–one flagellum at each end of cell

Answer 12

•amphitrichous

Question 13

–cluster of flagella at one or both ends

Answer 13

•lophotrichous

Question 14

–spread over entire surface of cell

Answer 14

•peritrichous

Question 15

•formed by some bacteria
•dormant
•resistant to numerous environmental conditions
–heat–radiation–chemicals–desiccation

Answer 15

Bacterial endospore

Question 16

Eukaryote or prokaryote?
•membrane-delimited nuclei
•membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions
•more structurally complex
Generally larger

Answer 16

Eukaryote

Question 17

•irregular network of branching and fusing membranous tubules and flattened sacs (cisternae –s., cisterna)

Answer 17

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 18

–ribosomes attached

–synthesis of secreted proteins by ER-associated ribosomes

Answer 18

•rough (granular) ER

Question 19

–devoid of ribosomes

–synthesis of lipids by ER-associated enzymes

Answer 19

•smooth (agranular) ER

Question 20

Functions of _____ include:
–transports proteins, lipids, and other materials within cell
–major site of cell membrane synthesis
–synthesis of lysosomes

Answer 20

ER

Question 21

• membranous organelle made of cisternae stacked on each other
• involved in modification, packaging, and secretion of materials

Answer 21

Golgi

Question 22

–stacks of cisternae

Answer 22

•dictyosomes

Question 23

Which face of the golgi is associated with the ER?

Answer 23

Cis face

Question 24

Which face of the golgi releases the secretory vesicle?

Answer 24

Trans face/ maturing face

Question 25

–membrane-bound vesicles

–contain hydrolytic enzymes needed for digestion of macromolecules

Answer 25

lysosomes

Question 26

–uptake of solutes or particles by enclosing them in vesicles or vacuoles pinched off from the plasma membrane

Answer 26

endocytosis

Question 27

–Endocytosis of particles or bacterial cells

Answer 27

•Phagocytosis

Question 28

–Endocytosis of solutes

Answer 28

•Pinocytosis

Question 29

• site of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity

* site where ATP is generated by electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

•_____ membrane of mitochondria:
–highly folded to form cristae (s., crista)
–location of enzymes and electron carriers for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 30

inner membrane

Question 31

_____ of mitochondria:
–contains ribosomes, mitochondrial DNA, and large calcium phosphate granules
–contains enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the β-oxidation pathway for fatty acids

Answer 31

Matrix

Question 32

–membrane-bound structure that houses genetic material of cell

Answer 32

nucleus

Question 33

–dense fibrous material within nucleus
–contains DNA
–condenses to form chromosomes during cell division

Answer 33

chromatin

Question 34

–double membrane structure that delimits nucleus

–penetrated by nuclear pores

Answer 34

nuclear envelope

Question 35

_____ allow materials to be transported into or out of nucleus

Answer 35

nuclear pores