Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does Treponema pallidum gram stain and shape?

A

-Gram−spirochete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does Treponema pallidum have LPS?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Gram−spirochete but no LPS
  • flagella (3/pole) in an axial filament (between inner &outer membrane)
  • fragile (only survive transmission without exposure):sexual and congenital (placental)transmission in body fluids and mucous membranes
A

Treponema pallidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main virulence factor of Treponema pallidum?

A

host response causes disease symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which sexually tansmitted diease was passed from native american people to settlers? (a new world —> old world disease)

A

Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

• sexual (human reservoir)

• congenital (spirochete
crosses placenta: late lethality

A

Transmission of Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
1. local: hard chancre/ulcer at
site of infection; infectious
2. disseminated: rash, aches;
mucous membrane lesions
(“the great imitator”);
infectious
3. gummas; damage to blood
vessels, eyes, CNS;
insanity; not infectious
A

Stages of Transmission of Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2-6 weeks; chancre, which heals

spontaneously, giving false sense of relief.

A

Primary Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2-24 weeks

A

Asymptomatic period:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2-6 weeks; 50% of primary
infections go on to secondary; symptoms typically
resolve spontaneously (but recurrence in 25% with 1 yr)

A

Secondary syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microbe persists for 2/3 of secondary infections, with 1/2 exhibiting tertiary syphilis

diffuse, chronic inflammation

A

Tertiary syphillis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

These form in tertiary syphilis

granuloma lesion = inflammatory mass which can perforate, e.g. roof of mouth or any other tissues.

A

gummas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/f: congenital syphilis is completely preventable by penicillin treatment early in pregnancy!

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_______ has high lethality in-utero OR when initially born without symptoms: high lethality typical of young children (e.g. 2 yrs old) with facial and dental abnormalities like “Hutchinson’s incisors” and “mulberry molars”.

A

Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

______ for 1º and 2º syphillis infections, which contain actively growing spirochetes

A

penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F: there is no vaccine for syphillis

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

t/f: borrelia is a gram negative spirochete

A

true

18
Q

Lyme disease is caused by _____ ______.

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

19
Q

______ ______ ______ life cycle can be traced showing the tranmission of Borrelia burgdorferi.

A

Ixodes scapularis tick

20
Q

The tick transmission cycle sustains the bacteria _. _______, that cause lyme disease. Lyme disease risk is greatest in the spring and summer, but can occur during all four seasons. nymphs, which feed in the later spring and the early summer, are responsible for tranmitting the majority of infections to humans.

A

b. Burgdoferi

21
Q

_______ _____ is tranmitted through ticks and reservoir (deer/ rodents)

A

Lyme Disease: Borrelia burgdorferi

22
Q

Disease:
1. acute, local: fever

  1. disseminated: nerve
    paralysis (with heart
    arrhythmia)(2-8 wks)
  2. chronic: arthritis,
    CNS paralysis (due
    to persistent immune
    response)(>6 months)
A

Lyme Disease: Borrelia burgdorferi

23
Q

What skin symptom is characteristic of lyme disease?

A

erythema migrans rash

24
Q

Is there an effectice vaccine for lyme disease?

A

no

25
Q

Virulence Factor:

Relapsing fever due to effective immune response to antigenic variation

A

Relapsing Fever: Borrelia spp.

26
Q

Infection: Relasping fever epidemic (louse-bourne)

Reservoir: human

Vector:
body louse

A

b. recurrentis

27
Q

Infection:
relasping fever endemic

Reservoir:
rodents, soft shelled ticks

Vector:
soft shelled ticks

A

b. miyamotoi

28
Q

Gram -

obligate intracellular parasite
entry into endothelial cells, escape

vascular hemorrhages
(no laboratory culture)

Transmission of this zoonosis: • wood tick (including transovarian transmission from adult ticks into tick eggs) • reservoir: wild rodents

A

Rickettsia

29
Q

Disease:
• rash of extremities, then trunk

• hemorrhagic lesions (with disseminated vascular CTL lysis of endothelial cells) ► spots

• dissemination to heart, kidneys, etc  ► shock, death
No vaccination (mortality = 20-40% if no treatment)
A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

30
Q

Agent of chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

31
Q

The most frequent sexually transmitted infection (followed by
gonorrhea, AIDS and syphilis)

A

Chlamydia

32
Q

Obligate intracellular parasite (no laboratory culture; “AT P ”-parasite)

A

Chlamydia

33
Q

No “peptidoglycan” synthesis (although the bacterial cell wall looks ‘normal G−’

Inflammatory cytokines released from infected cells cause disease manifestations: damaging cell-mediated immune response in various
tissues.

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

34
Q

EB: epithelial cell adhesion to microvilli ► RB in phagosomes (no fusion with
lysosomes) ► replication and division ► EB ► cell lysis / exocytosis

A

Tranmission of Chlamydia trachomatis

35
Q

EB = elementary body

stable, infectious

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

36
Q

RB = reticulate body
(replicating, fragile,
non-infectious)

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

37
Q

8 serotypes: gonorrheal-like sexual disease

• Mucopurulent urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis (fallopian tube
infection)
• mobility by adhesion to sperm (► epididymitis prostatitis in men) • PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) ► scarring ► ectopic pregnancy
+ decreased fertility

3 serotypes: lymphogranuloma venereum

4 serotypes: trachoma (endemic chronic eye infection: blindness)

ophthalmia neonatorum with conjunctivitis and pneumonia

A

Chlamydial diseases caused by CMI responses

38
Q
  • no immune protection

-reinfection: stronger CMI
C.pneumoniae strain causes “walking pneumonia”

A

Chlamydial diseases caused by CMI responses

39
Q

non-Gram staining (no rigid cell wall: no effect of
penicillin or lysozyme); strong membrane (due to sterols) no sterilization by filtration (0.45μm) Mycoplasma species are smallest prokaryote (M.
genitalium 580,070 bp – 475 genes) strict aerobe (preference for bronchial mucosa)

Disease:
no vaccination; fading protective immunity after recovery

• atypical, mild pneumonia, the leading cause in schools, students, and military: aerosol transmission in crowded conditions

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

40
Q

capsular vaccine is available

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

41
Q

no vaccine available

A

klbsiella pneumonia

mycoplasmal pneumonia

42
Q

t/f: Mycoplasma pneumonia is also known as “walking pneumonia” because it is typically mild and without the
need for hospitalization.

A

true

Microbiology (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions