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Microbiology > Enteric Bacteria > Flashcards

Enteric Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enteric bacteria is what shape and gram stain?

A

Gram - bacilli

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2
Q

Are enteric bacteria members in animal or human flora?

A

Both

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3
Q

_______ bacteria:
Some are members of commensal groups that have become pathogenic due to acquired virulence factors like toxins from plasmids, bacteriophages or “pathogenicity islands”

A

Enteric bacteria

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4
Q

Most can be motile with peritrichous flagella (H-antigen)

A

Enteric bacteria

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5
Q

Most have surface pili: fimbriae for adherence and sex pili for plasmid conjugation

A

Enteric bacteria

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6
Q

Do Some species of enteric bacteria have capsules?

A

Yes

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7
Q

All enteric bacteria have outer-membrane ______ with enterobacterial common antigen and serotype-specific O-antigen

A

LPS(heat-stable endotoxin)

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8
Q

All enteric bacteria have outer-membrane LPS(heat-stable endotoxin) with _______ and ________

A

enterobacterial common antigen and serotype-specific O-antigen

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9
Q

When bacteria have a toxin like cholera toxin, you get _____ diarrhea

A

watery diarrhea

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10
Q

When also have a toxin like Shiga toxin, you get _____ in diarrhea

A

blood in diarrhea

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11
Q

When also have inflammation and neutrophils:get _____ in diarrhea = dysentery

A

pus in diarrhea

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12
Q

____ bacteria:

Transmission:•person-to-person•“seven F’s”= feces, food, fluids, fingers, flies, fomites, and fornication

A

Enteric bacteria

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13
Q

What are the 7 F’s seen in transmission of enteric bacteria?

A 
feces
food, 
fluids, 
fingers, 
flies, 
fomites,
fornication
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14
Q

LPS Outer-and inner-core sugars are the _____ antigen

A

enterobacterial common antigen

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15
Q

_____ is also known as the heat-stable enterotoxin

A

LPS

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16
Q

________ = chromosomal location with multiple virulence factors and toxin genes, readily transferable together by conjugation.Example: uro-pathogenic E.coli

A

pathogenicity island

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17
Q

_______: is present in many bacteria like Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, enteropathogenic EPEC (E.coli); also present in other species like Pseudomonas and Chlamydia): 20-protein system that looks like a short, hollow flagellum (“needle”) to inject a variety of species-specific toxins into host cells

A

Type III secretion system

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18
Q

Translocated intimin receptor and intimin are transmitted via ___________

A

Type III secretion system

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19
Q

_____ and _______ are transmitted via Type III secretion system

A

Translocated intimin receptor and intimin

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20
Q

_______ Transmission:
•person-to-person
•contaminated food
•human and animal feces(no hand washing; insect vectors)

A

E. Coli

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21
Q

The following virulence are characteristic of _______:
Heat-labile enterotoxin LT
Shiga toxin

A

E. Coli

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22
Q

_______: ADP-ribosylation of G protein ►cAMP ­►loss of water + electrolytes ►watery diarrhea (e.g. foodborne enterotoxigenic ETEC E.coli) Traveller’s diarrhea (E. Coli)

A

heat-labile enterotoxin “LT”(cholera-like AB-exotoxin)

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23
Q

_______: inactivation of 60S ribosome subunit by removal of a specific adenine base from a nucleotide of 28S rRNA ►stop translation ►cell death ►bloody diarrhea (e.g. foodborne enterohemorrhagic EHEC E.coliO157:H7)In addition:►hemolytic uremic syndrome ►kidney damage (E. Coli)

A

Shiga toxin(AB-exotoxin cytotoxin)

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24
Q

In _______ this set of symptoms “diarrhea with blood”is combined with intestinal cell invasion, apoptosis and neutrophilia (►“pus”)to define “dysentery”.

A

Shigella dysenteriae

25
Q

_____ E. Coli, the clinical signs are bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Treatment: replenish fluids (antibiotics are contraindicated)

A

EHEC (O157:H7)

26
Q

_____ E. Coli, the clinical signs are cystitis; 70-90% E.coli

A

UroPathogenic

27
Q

_____ are taken up by M cells and transported beneath the epithelium. (Shigella dysenteriae)

A

Shigella

28
Q

_____ take up shigellas, die and release the bacteria replenish fluids (Shigella dysenteriae)

A

Macrophages

29
Q

The bacteria enter the inferior and lateral (apical) aspects of the epithelial cells by inducing ________ (Shigella dysenteriae)

A

endocytosis

30
Q

The endosomes are quickly lysed leaving the Shigellas free in the ______ (Shigella dysenteriae)

A

cytoplasm

31
Q

_______ filaments quickly form a tail pushing the shigellas into the next cell (Shigella dysenteriae)

A

Actin filaments

32
Q

Shigellas multiply in the ____ and the infection extends to the next cell (Shigella dysenteriae)

A

cytoplasm

33
Q

Infected cells die and slough off. Intesen response of acute inflammatory cells (neutrophils), bleeding and abscess formation induces ______ (Shigella dysenteriae)

A

Apoptosis

34
Q

The following virulence factors are characteristic of _______:
Shiga toxin
Cell invasion

A

(Shigella dysenteriae)

35
Q

Transmission of ______ is via fecal-oral route; sometimes by fecally contaminated food or water; humans generally the only source

A

(Shigella dysenteriae)

36
Q

_______ causes enteric fever, human reservoir, typhoid, and high mortality; typically poultry reservoir

A

Salmonella

37
Q

The following virulence factors are characteristic of _______:
ØType III secretion induces enteric epithelial uptake via M cells
Øintracellular endosome growth in macrophages: secretes protein that prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion
-in S.typhi serovars:
Øthrough macrophages: invasive into different tissues and organs
Ødestruction of Peyer’s Patches ►intestinal rupture

A

Salmonella

38
Q

Is salmonella acid labile or acid resistant?

A

Acid labile

39
Q
  • M cell uptake through ruffles: transport through epithelial layer.
  • Electrolyte release to lumen (diarrhea/gastroenteritis).
  • Release of inflammatory exudate.
  • Transport to lymph nodes / transient bacteremia
A

Salmonella

40
Q

_____ is seen by the following symptoms:

  • Diarrhea , hemorrhage, and perforation of small intestine
  • Cholecystitis of gall bladder
  • Fever, and other affection of organs via speticemia
A

Typhoid fever

41
Q

Typhoid fever is carried in what organ?

A

Gallbladder

42
Q

What is gram stain and shape of Vibrio cholerae?

A

Gram - vibrio

43
Q

Gram− vibrio(curved rods) (salt tolerant)found in estuaries and marine environments (e.g. in crabs)

A

Vibrio cholerae

44
Q

The following virulence factors are characteristic of _______:
Øtoxin co-regulated pilus (tcp)
Øcholera toxin(heat-labile exotoxin “LT”)
Øan additional toxin “ST”
Neuraminidase

A

Vibrio cholerae

45
Q

_____ is a virulence factor used in adhesion to small intestinal epithelia (Vibrio cholerae) (toxin is phage CTXφ-encoded and regulated by pilin-regulating chromosomal gene)

A

Øtoxin co-regulated pilus (tcp)

46
Q

_____ is a virulence factor: protein A causes cAMP rise + watery diarrhea (Vibrio cholerae)

A

cholera toxin(heat-labile exotoxin “LT”)

47
Q

_____ is a virulence factor used to increase cholera toxin binding (Vibrio cholerae)

A

Neuraminidase

48
Q

____ production is induced within the intestine, while production in other environments appears to be minimal (Vibrio cholerae)

A

TCP

49
Q

_____ and ____ encode the proteins that comprise cholera toxin (Vibrio cholerae)

A

ctxA and ctxB

50
Q

What strain of cholera is the common epidemic strain?

A

Serovar O1

51
Q

What strain of cholera is the newer strain?

A

Serovar O139 with Capsule

52
Q

Is there a cholera vaccine?

A

Yes

53
Q

What is the common prevention of cholerae?

A

chlorination of water

54
Q

_______: disease is self-limiting as intestinal cells with surface bacteria are shed

A

Cholera

55
Q

The epidemiology of ______ is fecal transmission in developing countries under-cooked coastal crabs

A

Cholera

56
Q

___ bacteria is more commonly causes gastroenteritis than E coli and salmonella

A

Campylobacter jejune

57
Q

Zoonosis: animal reservoir (intestinal)
Transmission: contaminated food (poultry, milk)(e.g. in >89% of raw chicken)
Disease: gastroenteritis, diarrhea, dysentery
Disease resolves without treatment in <1 week
-Creates protective immunity

A

Campylobacter jejune

58
Q

Growth in intestinal tract:
§invade intestinal epithelial cells or grow below
epithelial layer.
§inflammatory response

A

Campylobacter jejune

Microbiology (46 decks)

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