HIV

Question 1

• Positive strand RNA viruses (5000-12000 bp)
• Enveloped
• Contain reverse transcriptaseenzyme-Copies RNA into DNA
• Cause chronic disease long after infection-Due to integration of viral DNA into host chromosome
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a retrovirus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Answer 1

Retroviruses

Question 2

DNA copy of viral RNA. DNA copy is inserted into the host genome (see next slide).

Answer 2

Provirus

Question 3

______: (initial infection)cells of macrophage lineage

Receptor/coreceptor:CD4 and CCR5

Answer 3

M tropic

Question 4

____: (later during infection)T cells Receptor/coreceptor:CD4 and CXCR4

Answer 4

T tropic

Question 5

Viral ENV protein ____ binds to cellular receptor CD4 and to coreceptor CXCR4 or CCR5

Answer 5

gp120

Question 6

Coreceptor interaction essential for ____ protein contact and viral fusion with host cell.

Answer 6

gp41

Question 7

Reverse transcriptase (RT) synthesizes one strand of DNA using ______ as the template.

Answer 7

viral RNA

Question 8

Reverse transcriptase (RT) synthesizes the other strand of DNA using the newly created+________ strand above as the template.

Answer 8

viral single DNA

Question 9

_______is the major target for anti-HIV drugs ;

- is error prone

Answer 9

RT enzyme

Question 10

______ is used as a primer by reverse transcriptase

Answer 10

Cellular tRNA

Question 11

____ steps are required to create a double stranded DNA copy of the positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome

Answer 11

Several

Question 12

integration of viral DNA copy into host cell genome is Promoted by viral _____ enzyme

Answer 12

integrase

Question 13

Viral DNA is transcribed into RNA by host cell _______

Answer 13

RNA polymerase II

Question 14

____- serves as mRNA for translation and serves as the viral genome that is packaged into virions

Answer 14

Viral RNA

Question 15

Viral assembly occurs at ______

Answer 15

plasma membrane.

Question 16

______ acquire their membrane by budding of nucleocapsids from the plasma membrane.

Answer 16

Virions

Question 17

Viral polyproteins get cleaved to final mature sizes by viral _____

Answer 17

protease

Question 18

_____ decreases expression of MHC class I molecules on the surface of an infected cell, preventing killing by cytotoxic T cells (HPV accessory factors)

Answer 18

nef

Question 19

______ reduces cell surface CD4 expression and enhances viral release (HPV accessory factors)

Answer 19

vpu

Question 20

Transcriptional promoter (upstream ) and terminator (downstream ):
Promoter responds to host cell signals and can also be relatively dormant, creating the latent state that is an important characteristic of HIV

Answer 20

Long terminal repeats (LTRs)

Question 21

Promoter (LTR) responds to host cell signals and can also be relatively dormant, creating the that is an important characteristic of HIV

Answer 21

latent state

Question 22

Virus may enter through what 3 routes?

Answer 22

microabrasions on mucosal surfaces
needle punctures (IV drug users)
intact mucosal surfaces

Question 23

Virus may enter as what 2 things?

Answer 23

part of an infected cell (macrophage, lymphocyte, spermatozoa)
free virus

Question 24

HIV replication during the chronic phase of infection after ____ of viral replication that occurs during initial infection

Answer 24

burst

Question 25

Note initial contact is with _____ lineage cells.Infect/stick to dendritic cells transport to lymph node -contact with CD4 T cells

Answer 25

macrophage

Question 26

-important for controlling fungal and intracellular pathogens (bacterial and viral) It is mediated by CD4 T cells

Answer 26

DTH=delayed-type hypersensitivity (Type IV hyper.)

Question 27

What cells are greatly affected via untreated HIV infection?

Answer 27

CD4 T cells

Question 28

The following are ____ indicator conditions:
Candidiasis of the bronchi, trachea, or lungs
Candidiasis, esophageal
Kaposi sarcoma
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) or Mycobacterium kansasii, disseminated or extrapulmonary
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pulmonary or extrapulmonary
Mycobacterium, other species or unidentified species, disseminated or extrapulmonary
Pneumocystis jiroveci(formerly carinii) pneumonia (PCP)

Answer 28

AIDS

Question 29

Transmission occurs by direct exposure of persons bloodstream to body fluid containing virus. It is found in the blood, semen, or vaginal fluid of someone who is infected with the virus.

Answer 29

HIV

Question 30

T/F: HIV is not transmitted by casual contact

Answer 30

True

Question 31

• progressive destruction of CD4+ cells leads to collapse of immune system
• patient susceptible to opportunistic infections (see AIDS indicator conditions 4 slides back)

Answer 31

AIDS

Question 32

Central nervous system disease also associated with AIDS is ____

Answer 32

Dementia

Question 33

AIDS-related cancers•Kaposi’s sarcoma–caused by ______

Answer 33

human herpesvirus 8

Question 34

treatment involves:–______
•nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (e.g., AZT)
•nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (e.g., delavirdine)
•protease inhibitors (e.g., indinavir)
•Fusion-penetration inhibitors (target gp41)

Answer 34

antiviral agents

Question 35

Why is HIV vaccine difficult to create?

Answer 35

RT is error prone

Question 36

HTLVs are ____ viruses

Answer 36

Retroviruses

Question 37

Which HTLV have no known diseases associated with these viruses?

Answer 37

HTLV 2-4

Question 38

____ HTLV virus causes adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma

Answer 38

HTLV-1

Question 39

Are the 12 month antibodies effective in neutralizing the 12 month plasma in an HIV infected person?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Are the 12 month antibodies effective in neutralizing the 12 month virus in an HIV infected person?

Answer 40

No; virus constantly changing