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Vin > Wset - Bordeaux > Flashcards

Wset - Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of climate can you find in Bordeaux?

A

moderate climate

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2
Q

What different factors contribute to the climate in Bordeaux?

A

It benefits from the effect of the GULF STREAM, the warming ocean currant extends the growing season (INTO OCTOBER), HARDLY ANY SPRING FROST
THE ATLANTIC brings high levels of RAINFALL and HUMIDITY

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3
Q

What protects the vineyards from the cold wind from the Atlantics?

A

The Landes forest and the coastal sand dunes that lie west of the region.

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4
Q

What effect does the rain have on the grapes?

A

disrupt flowering and fruit set, promote rot and dilute the flowers in the grape harvesting.

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5
Q

Name three changes that have resulted in healthier grapes?

A

the warming climate
changes in the canopy management
a decline in the use of sprays

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6
Q

Why don’t they rely on just one grape variety in Bordeaux?

A

It can be very risky relying on just one grape variety, because of the variability in the weather, in particular rainfall.

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7
Q

Which grape variety’s are the most common in the Bordeaux?
3 red +1
2 white +1

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Merlot
Petit Verdot

Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

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8
Q

Where can you find Cabernet Sauvignon?
Which soil do you find here?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon dominates in the Haut-Médoc, but also important in Graves.
High stone and gravel, gives well warm and well drained soil

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9
Q

How much does Cabernet Sauvignon account for a blend in Bordeaux?

A

it can account for 3/4 of the blend in the finest wines

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10
Q

Where can you find Cabernet Franc?
What kind of aromas can you detect in cabernet franc?
Which soil do the grape prefer?

A

Cabernet Franc is widely used in Saint-Émilion and, to a lesser extent, in the Médoc and Graves.
Less body and tannin than Cabernet Sauvignon.
when unripe: herbaceous or stalky flavours
when ripe: vibrant fruit and floral notes to a blend.
Like Cabernet Sauvignon it prefers well drained warm soils.

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11
Q

Where can you find Merlot?
Which soil does the grape prefer?
What does it bring to a blend and what’s the most common style of wine making with Merlot?

A

Merlot is the most widely planted variety in Bordeaux, but is most important in the premium wines of Saint-Émilion and Pomerol.
Merlot can successfully grow on the cooler clay soils. Merlot brings softness
Usually the grape that is predominant in high volume, inexpensive wines.

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12
Q

Petit Verdot?
What kind of qualities does the grape have?

A

Petit Verdot ripens fully only in very hot years
Very deep-coloured, tannic wine that ages slowly.
A minor role in a blend, where it is used mainly to add tannin, colour and some spicy notes.

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13
Q

What do the winemaker of the leading châteaux, do if a wine is not suitable for their grand vin?

A

they make a second and even third wine from blends, in order to maintain the quality and style.

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14
Q

In what are the top quality red Bordeaux aged in?

A

in small oak barriques of 225l

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14
Q

What area can you find in between Garonne and Dordogne?

A

Entre-Duex-Mers is the appellation for this area.

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14
Q

Which regions can you find north/east of Gironde and Dordogne?

A

Saint-Émilion and Pomerol

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14
Q

Which kind of aromas can you find in a Sauvignon Blanc from Bordeaux?
What kind of style of wine produces with this grape?
And what does the grape contribute to a wine?

A

Sauvignon Blanc produces wines with citrus and green fruit aromas
It is used increasingly for varietal, dry white wines
In blended wines it provides high acidity, which is particularly necessary for sweet wines.

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14
Q

What kind of qualities does Sémillon have?
Where can you fins it?

A

Semillon is the most important variety for sweet wines in Bordeaux
It has thin skin and affinity for noble rot
It adds body to blends.
Also blended with Sauvignon Blanc in the premium dry white wines of Pessac-Léognan and Graves

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14
Q

What aromas can you find in a Muscadelle?

A

Muscadelle has a pronounced grapey, floral flavour and plays an important supporting role in sweet and dry white wine production.

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15
Q

What’s the name of the two rivers in bordeaux?
And which one is the south, kontra north?
Those two combine “en utmynning”, what’s the name utmynningen?

A

Dordogne - north
Garonne - south

Gironde Estuary

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15
Q

What’s the difference between a low quality white bordeaux and a premium?

A

The lower end of the market: fresh and fruity, fermented in temperature controlled, inert vessels with minimal further ageing, but some show toasty hints of oak.
Premium dry whites from Pessac-Léognan: are frequently fermented and matured in new oak barrels and have a richness and concentrated nutty flavour overlaying the fruit

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15
Q

Which regions can you find west/south of Gironde and Garonne?

A

Medoc, Graves, Sauternes

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16
Q

When did Médoc get their classification system?

A

1855

17
Q

How many different ranks are the crus classés divided into?

A

5

18
Q

Name the 5 châteaux that you can find in the highest rank?

A

in Médoc:
Châteaux Lafite Rothschild
C. Latour
C. Mouton Rothschild
C. Margaux
in Graves:
C. Haut-Brion

19
Q

How many ranks are Sauternes divided into? And which one is occupying the top rank?

A

Châteaux d’Yquem

20
Q

Which three classifications are used under the crus classés in Medoc?

A

Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Supérieur
Cru bourgeois Exceptionnel
The classification is reviewed every five years

21
Q

How’s wine classified in Graves?

A

There’s no ranking: all listed wines may simply call themselves crus classés.
All cru classés now lie within the limits of the Pessac-Léognan

22
Q

What does the classification system look like in Saint-Émilion?

A

Within Saint-Émilion there is a separate appellation, Saint-Emilion Grand Cru, and within this appellation there is a classification of the best châteaux.
The lower step within the classification is simply Saint-Émilion Grand Cru Classé.
Above this comes Saint-Émilion Premier Grand Cru Classé, which is subdivided into
Premier Grand Cru Classé A (the best), and Premier Grand Cru Classé B.
There are reclassifications, at least once every ten years.

23
Q

What’s the difference between a Bordeaux and a Bordeaux Supérieur?

A

A Bordeaux Supérieur have slightly stricter rules and requires a higher level of alcohol.

24
Q

Which two different labels can you find on a rosé from Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux Rosé or Bordeaux Clairet

25
Q

What character does a Bordeaux and a Bordeaux Supérieur have?

A

They’re both early drinking, medium bodied wines with ripe red and black fruit, and sometimes ceder notes from oak.
The cheaper can be lighter in body and have more astringent tannins than the better wines.

26
Q

What character does a Bordeaux rose have compared to a Bordeaux Clairet?

A

The best Bordeaux rosé is fresh and fruity with an increasing number of producers making high-quality examples.
Bordeaux Clairet is mainly popular on the French market. It undergoes a longer maceration than a typical rosé and is deeper in colour and fuller in body.

27
Q

What character does a White Bordeaux have?

A

It’s dominated by the Sauvignon blanc and shows a vibrant grassy character.

28
Q

What’s the northernmost part of the Médoc called? And how do they label their wine here?

A

Bas-Médoc.
They label the wines simply Médoc.

29
Q

What kind of soil can you find in Bas-Médoc?

A

Here, the soil is predominantly clay, but there are outcrops of gravel.

30
Q

What kind of style is the wine’s from Bas-Médoc?

A

They tend to have a bit more Merlot in the blends than those just to the south and tend to be more early-drinking in style.

31
Q

Which smaller appellations can you find within Haut-Médoc? from north to south

A

Saint-Estéphe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Margaux

32
Q

What character does the wines from Haut-Médoc have?

A

These wines have a high percentage of Cabernet sauvignon in the blend and generally display a core of balckcurrant fruit, complemented by ceder notes from oak.
They can have grippy tannins when young, and often have a long ageing potential.

33
Q

Which is the most highly rate area in Graves?
What soils can you find here, and what style of wine?

A

Pessac-Léognan
similar soils like those in Haut-Medoc, gravelly and well-suited for Cab.Sauv.
The wines are in general a little lighter in body but more fragrant.

34
Q

What style can you find south of Pessac-Léognan in Graves?

A

red wines, similar in style, but less concentrated and complex. Higher proportions of Merlot

35
Q

Which three distinct groups are Saint-Émilion divided in to?

A
  • Vineyards on a plateau to the north and west of the town Saint-Émilion: warm climat, well drained gravel and limestone, cab sauv and cab franc
  • Vineyards on the escarpment to the south and east, clay and limestone,
    (most prestigious wines from these two, med-high tannins, soft, rich texture, complex red berry, fruit and plum, tobacco, ceder
  • Vineyards at the foot of the escarpment, sandy soil, lighter body, less prestigious wines.
36
Q

What the diffenece between wines from Pomerol and Saint-Émilion?

A

The wines tends to be richer, with a spicier blackberry fruit character.

37
Q

What does “vins de garage” means?

A

It the term for a full bodied, incredibly ripe wine made in tiny quantities from a small plots of land and with no expense spared in the vineyard or the winery

38
Q

Which appellations use the term Côtes de Bordeaux?

A

Blaye, Cadillac, Castillon, Francs

39
Q

What style do a Côtes de Bordeaux have?

A

tends to be Merlot based, early drinking
the best wines can offer excellent value for money.

40
Q

What’s the difference between a Côtes de Bordeaux and a Premiéres Côtes de Bordeaux?

A

A Premiéres Côtes de Bordeaux is a sweet wine appellation.

41
Q

What kind of style of wine can you find under the appellation Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

You can only produce white wines under this appellation. (red wines from this area must be labelled with a generic appellation name)

42
Q

Where except Entre-Deux-Mers can you find white wine in Bordeaux?

A

The appellation of Graves and Pessac-Léognan.

43
Q

What the different white wine styles you can find from the appellations Entre-Deux-Mers, Graves and Pessac-Léognan?

A

Graves and Entre-Deux-Mers tends to produce unoaked Sauvignon Blanc.
While wines from Pessac-Léognan tends to be a blend of Sauv and Semillon, and they have been fermented and/or matured at least partly in new oak.

44
Q

Where can you fid the top sweet wines from Bordeaux?

A

from Sauternes, which lies on the west bank of the Garonne.

45
Q

Why is it that along the banks of the Garonne and it’s tributary the Ciron the best place to produce sweet wines?

A

The rivers create the ideal misty autumn conditions for noble rot to develop on fully ripen grapes.

46
Q

Name a famous village in Sauternes and what style they produce!

A

Barsac is a village that lies within Sautenes. The producers of Barsac can chose either appellations.
Here Sémillon dominates because of it’s thin skin and susceptibility to botrytis.

47
Q

What does Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle bring to a sweet wine?

A

Sauvignon Blanc supplies refreshing acidity and fruity aromas
Muscadelle adds exotic perfume

48
Q

What character does the sweet wines from Barsac have?

A

They tend to be high in alc. Sweet yet balanced by high acidity, display the apricot and citrus peel aromas of noble rot, along with notes of toast and vanilla from oak.

Vin (60 decks)

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