Week 4 Pre-Prac

Question 1

Tidal Volume (VT or TV)

Answer 1

the volume of air drawn in and then expired during a normal respiratory cycle (approx 0.5L)

Question 2

Minute volume (VE or MV)

Answer 2

is the total volume of air exhaled in one minute of breathing. This is the product of the respiratory rate and VT i.e. Respiratory rate (RR) x Tidal volume (VT) = Minute volume (MV). In normal ventilation, the respiratory rate is approximately 10-12 breaths per minute. This value varies with the level of activity.

Question 3

Residual volume (RV)

Answer 3

is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a full expiration. Residual volume cannot be measured by spirometry as it is impossible to exhale all the gas in the lungs. There are specialized techniques to measure RV. However, these are complex, and this volume is usually estimated from tables that predict RV based on age, sex, height, and weight (approx 1.2L)

Question 4

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 4

is the maximum volume above the tidal volume that we can inhale into our lungs (approx 3L)

Question 5

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 5

is the maximum volume that we can exhale from our lungs at the end of a normal breath (approx 1.5L)

Question 6

Expiratory capacity (EC)

Answer 6

is all the air breathed out in a maximal exhalation after a normal breath (VT + ERV).

Question 7

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 7

is the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration (ERV + RV).

Question 8

Total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 8

is all the air that it is possible for the lungs to contain (RV + ERV + VT + IRV).

Question 9

Vital capacity (VC)

Answer 9

is all the air that can be expired from a maximal inhalation (ERV + VT + IRV).

Question 10

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

Answer 10

is all the air breathed in during a maximal inhalation at the end of a normal exhalation (VT + IRV).

Question 11

What structures make up the hilum of the left lung?

Answer 11

Left main bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein.

Question 12

What structures make up the hilum of the right lung?

Answer 12

Blood vessels and right main bronchus

Question 13

What are the three surfaces of the lungs?

Answer 13

Diaphragmatic surface, costal surface, mediastinal surface

Question 14

What are the three borders of the lung?

Answer 14

Inferior (diaphragmatic), posterior (in contact with thoracic vertebrae), anterior (medial sharp border)

Question 15

What are the names of the two grooves in the right lung?

Answer 15

Oblique fissure and horizontal fissure

Question 16

Which lobes does the oblique lobe of the right lung separate, and where?

Answer 16

Anteriorly, it separates the middle and inferior lobes. Posteriorly, it separates the inferior and superior lobes.

Question 17

What is the groove in the left lung called?

Answer 17

Oblique fissure.