Week 1 (Revision-Optimised) Flashcards
What are the fundamental characteristics of human life?
- Growth
- Development
- Movement
- Reproduction
- Respiration
- Circulation
- Digestion
- Excretion
- Responsiveness
- Adaptability
What are the levels of organisation of an organism?
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Macromolecules
- Organelles
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ Systems
- Organism
What are the two types of van der waal forces?
- Dipole-Dipole
- Dispersion forces
What are the main elements present in the macromolecules of the human body?
CHONP
Name two diseases that occur due to failure in homeostatic control
- Diabetes mellitus
- Ricketts
What are electrolytes (in terms of chemical theory)?
- The ionised components of soluble salts
What is the fundamental function of pH buffering systems in terms of acid/base strength?
Turning strong acids/bases into weak acids/bases via addition or removal of H+
What are the three pH buffering systems>?
- Bicarbonate/CO2 system,
- Proteins/Haemoglobin
- Phosphate
Describe the Bicarbonate/CO2 buffering system
Carbonic annhydrase converts CO2 to carbonic acid, which can ionise to decrease pH. This reaction is reversible, and so allows for balance.
Describe the Protein/Haemogloblin buffering system
Proteins (albumin) and haemoglobin accept H+, thus alterring pH in a reversible manner.
Describe the phosphate pH buffering system
Dihydrogen phosphate converts to hydrogen phosphate reversibly, meaning [H+] can be adjusted
What are the three main parts of a cell?
- Membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
What do microfilaments do? What are they made of?
- Assist in cell movement
- Made of actin
What do microtubules do?
- Determine cell shape
- Movement of organelles within cell
- Comprise mitotic spindle fibres
What is the role of intermediate filaments?
Provide structural support to cells
