Mid-Semester Test Points for Improvement

Question 1

Draw a baroreceptor reflex mech for low blood pressure

Answer 1

• Blood Pressure v
• Baroreceptors (aortic arch and carotid bodies)
• Afferent signal to brainstem
• Efferent signals to blood vessels and heart
• Heart Rate ^
• Vasoconstriction ^
• Blood pressure ^

Question 2

Draw the circle of Willis

Answer 2

Have you included:
- Posterior Cerebral Artery (L/R)
- Posterior Communicating (L/R)
- Middle Cerebral Artery (L/R)
- Internal Carotid Artery (L/R)
- Anterior Cerebral Artery (L/R)
- Anterior Communicating

Question 3

What is the cingulum?

Answer 3

• White matter tract
• Allows communication between cortex and limbic system

Question 4

Draw a diagram of muscle contraction, including labelling actin, myosin, and describing the action of calcium ions

Question 5

Dyspnoea

Answer 5

Shortness of breath

Question 6

Orthopnea

Answer 6

Shortness of breath when lying down

Question 7

PND

Answer 7

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea: Shortness of breath waking from sleep (change to number of pillows)

Question 8

Intermittent claudication

Answer 8

Muscle pain; stopped at rest

Question 9

What is the name of the structure at the base of the trachea that separates the left and right main bronchi?

Answer 9

Carina