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Foundations Of Medicine > 8.1 Organs of the Digestive System > Flashcards

8.1 Organs of the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Is the abdominal cavity distinct from the pelvis cavity?

A

No. Hence: abdominopelvic

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2
Q

Are the majority of organs intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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3
Q

What vertebrae does the transtubercular plane pass through?

A

L5

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4
Q

What vertebrae does the subcostal plane pass through?

A

L3

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5
Q

How do you find the transpyloric plane? What vertebra does it align with?

A
  • Halfway between suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis
  • L1
    OR: Hands breadth below xiphisternum
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6
Q

What obvious part of the stomach does the transpyloric plane pass through? What is it continuous with?

A
  • Pylorus of stomach (D1).
  • Continuous with duodenum
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7
Q

Other than the pylorus, what other part of the stomach sits on the transpyloric plane?

A

DJ Flexure

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8
Q

What are the four main layers of the GI tube?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis Propria
  • Adventitia
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9
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the foregut?

A

Coeliac artery

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10
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the foregut?

A

Mouth to first half of duodenum

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the midgut?

A

Second half of duodenum to first two thirds of transverse colon

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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the hindgut?

A

Last third of transverse colon to anus

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15
Q

Roughly how long is the oesophagus?

A

25cm

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16
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the oesophagus at different points?

A
  • Mostly squamous
  • Distally: columnar
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17
Q

What sphincter separates the stomach and the oseophagus?

A

LOS (Lower oesophageal sphincter)

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18
Q

What are the three holes in the subcostal diaphragm?

A
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Abdominal aorta
  • Oesophagus
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19
Q

At what part of the stomach does the gastrooesophageal junction occur? Why is it called this?

A
  • Cardia of stomach
  • Named as such because of its close proximity to the heart (after all, it occurs right below the diaphragm)
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20
Q

What is the anatomical/histologically importance of the GOJ?

A

Anatomical: Prevents oesophageal reflux
Histological: Squamous -> Columnar

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21
Q

What is the name of the condition when the oesophagus is damaged by acid?

A

Barrett’s oesophagitis

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22
Q

What are the five regions of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pyloric Antrum
  • Pyloric Canal
23
Q

Name the two curvatures of the stomach?

A

Lesser (short way)
Greater (long way)

24
Q

What are the folds in the mucosa of the stomach called?

A

Rugae

25
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

1.5-3.5

26
Q

How much stomach acid does the stomach secrete per day? What is in it?

A
  • 1.5L/day
  • Contains enzymes (for some absorption) and hydrochloric acid
27
Q

What are three things that can be absorbed in the stomach?

A
  • Water
  • Alcohol
  • Aspirin
28
Q

Which artery supplies the stomach?

A

Coeliac artery (foregut)

29
Q

What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk?

A
  • Left gastric artery
  • Splenic Artery
  • Common hepatic artery
30
Q

Which artery provides blood to the lesser curve of the stomach?

A

R/L Gastric Artery

31
Q

Which artery provides blood to the greater curve of the stomach?

A

R/L Gastro-omental Artery

32
Q

Where does the gastro-duodenal artery originate?

A

Common hepatic artery

33
Q

What are the greater and lesser omentum made of? Where are they located?

A
  • Made of adipose tissue and peritoneum
  • Connected to corresponding curves of the stomach
34
Q

What is the name of the portal to the liver that the lesser omentum connects to?

A

Porta hepatis

35
Q

Name three structures anterior to the stomach

A
  • Abdominal wall
  • Diaphragm
  • Left liver lobe
36
Q

Name three structures posterior to the stomach

A
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Left kidney
37
Q

Which two structures drain into the duodenum? At what point do they secrete substances into the duodenum?

A
  • Pancreas
  • Gall bladder
    Secrete into duodenum at ampulla of vater
38
Q

How does bile travel to the duodenum?

A

Common bile duct

39
Q

How does pancreatic juice travel to the duodenum?

A

Pancreatic duct

40
Q

Where are the parts of the duodenum in relation to the peritoneum?

A

First and fourth: Within
Second and Third: retroperitoneal

41
Q

List the four sections of the duodenum, and the sections of the GI tract immediately before and after these

A
  • Pylorus
  • Superior (L1)
  • Descending
  • Inferior (L3)
  • Ascending
  • DuodenoJejunal (DJ) junction
42
Q

Does the small intestine contain villi or cilia?

A

Villi

43
Q

What is the duodenum connected to? What is this connected to?

A

Duodenum -> Jejunum -> Ileum

44
Q

What is absorbed in the duodenum?

A

Iron (among other vitamins and minerals)

45
Q

What is absorbed in the proximal small intestine?

A

Nutrients/minerals (e.g. glucose)

46
Q

What is absorbed in the distal small intestine?

A

Vitamin B12 and bile acids

47
Q

How much water is absorbed throughout the small intestine per day?

A

about 6L

48
Q

What is the nervous system in the gut?

A

Enteric nervous system

49
Q

How does the mucosa change from the jejunum to the proximal isleum to the distal ileum?

A

Gets flatter; less folds (digestion approaches completion)

50
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall and holds it in place

51
Q

Where does blood supply for the jejunum and ileum originate? What are the branches, and what do they form?

A
  • Originate in SMA
  • Jejunal/ileal
  • Form arcades/vasa recta
52
Q

Describe the differences in vasculature between ileum and jejunum

A

Jejunum: Vasa recta long, arcades few large
Ileum: Vasa recta short, arcades many small

53
Q

Describe venous drainage of the small intestine

A
  1. Ileal and jejunal veins
  2. Drain into SMV
  3. Join with splenic vein to form portal vein -> drop off nutrients in liver on way to heart

Foundations Of Medicine (98 decks)

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