5.7 Neuro Anatomy & Physiology - Limbic System; Brainstem; Cerebellum

Question 1

What two types of thought does the limbic system connect?

Answer 1

Cognitive and emotional

Question 2

In which divisions of the brain are the structures of the limbic system found?

Answer 2

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 3

What does “limbic” mean?

Answer 3

Rim; rim between higher-order and primitive functions

Question 4

What does “uncus” mean?

Answer 4

Hook

Question 5

What are the three main structures of the limbic lobe?

Answer 5

• Cingulate gyrus
• Parahippocampal gyrus
• Uncus (hook)

Question 6

Name four important functions of the limbic system?

Answer 6

• Homeostasis -> Hypothalamus
• Olfaction -> Olfactory cortex
• Memory -> hippocampus
• Emotion -> amygdala
  (Home is in the hoha?)

Question 7

Which three areas does the amygdala relay information to? What is the result of this?

Answer 7

• Brainstem: Behavioural response
• Cortex: Emotional experience
• Hypothalamus: Autonomic + Hormonal

Question 8

What is bilateral damage to the amygdala called?

Answer 8

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Question 9

What type of memory is the hippocampus important for?

Answer 9

Explicit memory (conscious recall)

Question 10

What are the two subtypes of explicit memory?

Answer 10

1. Semantic memory (facts and general knowledge)
2. Episodic memory (personal experiences)

Question 11

What is the white matter tract associated with the hippocampus called? Where can it be seen in a mid-saggital section?

Answer 11

• Fornix
• Below corpus callosum

Question 12

What are the four sections of the Papez circuit?

Answer 12

• Thalamus
• Limbic system
• Hippocampus
• Hypothalamus

Question 13

What is the function of the mammillary body?

Answer 13

Consolidation of memory in the hypothalamus

Question 14

What are the three sections of the brainstem?

Answer 14

Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Pons (metencephalon)
Medulla (myelencephalon)

Question 15

What does “pons” mean?

Answer 15

Bridge

Question 16

What is the name of the collections of neuron nuclei in the brainstem?

Answer 16

Cranial nuclei

Question 17

Is the cerebellum connected to the spinal cord?

Answer 17

No, it is connected to the cortex and brainstem, and influences things this way

Question 18

Which dural fold separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

Answer 18

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 19

Which structure connects the hemispheres of the cerebellum?

Answer 19

Vermis (worm-like)

Question 20

What type(s) of matter is the vermis made of? How does this differ from the corpus callosum?

Answer 20

Corpus callosum: white
Vermis: white and grey

Question 21

What are the “gyri” of the cerebellum called?

Answer 21

Folia

Question 22

What are the “sulci” of the cerebellum called?

Answer 22

Fissures

Question 23

What is the white matter of the cerebellum called?

Answer 23

Arbor vitae (tree of life)

Question 24

What structures does the primary fissure of the cerebellum divide?

Answer 24

Anterior and posterior lobes

Question 25

What does the posterolateral fissure separate?

Answer 25

Floculonodular lobe

Question 26

Which of the cerebellar peduncles are afferent, and which are efferent?

Answer 26

Superior: efferent
Middle: afferent
Inferior: afferent

Question 27

What are the three functional divisions of the cerebellum?

Answer 27

• Vestibulocerebellum: floculonodular lobe
• Spinocerebellum: vermis + paravermis
• Cerebrocerebellum: Lateral zones

Question 28

What functions is the vestibulocerebellum associated with?

Answer 28

Balance, eye control

Question 29

What functions is the spinocerebellum associated with?

Answer 29

• Muscle tone
• Skilled movement

Question 30

Does cerebellar impairment create contralateral or ipsilateral affects?

Answer 30

Ipsilateral