Exam Revision

Question 1

Do lymphatic vessels have valves?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Give me the sequential structures that lymph passes through

Answer 2

Capillary -> (VNTD)

Question 3

Which histological layer of blood vessels has antithrombogenic properties?

Answer 3

Tunica intima

Question 4

Which histological layer is thickest in veins? What fibres do large veins contain that decrease their ability to be distended?

Answer 4

• Tunica Adventitia is thickest
• Large veins contain collagen fibres that decrease their ability to be distended

Question 5

Draw a diagram of blood cell production from pluripotent stem cells

Answer 5

Desktop

Question 6

List the functions of blood

Answer 6

• Transporting nutrients, waste, antibodies, gases to tissues

Question 7

Outline the feedback loop of haematopoesis

Answer 7

• Kidneys detect less oxygen
• Ertythropoetin secreted by kidneys
• Bone marrow stimulated to produce more RBCs
• More oxygen detected by kidneys (loop closed)

Question 8

What are the three layers of centrifuged blood, and what do they contain?

Answer 8

• Plasma [55%] (electrolytes, antibodies, gases, waste)
• Buffy coat (platelets, leukocytes)
• Erythrocytes [45%] (carries O2 and CO2)

Question 9

What is the largest cartilage structure in the body?

Answer 9

Thyroid cartilage

Question 10

Functions of the larynx

Answer 10

• Protection of vocal folds
• Separation of upper and lower airways
• Air conduction
• Phonation

Question 11

Function of nasal cavity

Answer 11

• Warming
• Conduction
• Cleaning
• Sense of smell

Question 12

Provide an outline of aplastic anaemia, including what it is, the most common cause, symptoms

Answer 12

• Pancytopaenia (“anemia” is technically a misnomer)
• Most common cause is autonimmune destruction of haematopoietic stem cells
• Symptoms include anaemia symptoms (from low RBC), thrombocytopaenia (from low platelets), and recurrent infections (from leukocytopaenia)

Question 13

How can primary ciliary dyski