6.8 Joints - Classification and Movement

Question 1

What is the surface of a bone that comes into contact with another bone called?

Answer 1

Articular surface

Question 2

What are the four structural classifications of joints?

Answer 2

• Bony
• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

Question 3

Describe a bony joint

Answer 3

Complete fusion of two bones

Question 4

Describe fibrous joints

Answer 4

Held together by dense connective tissue [collagen fibres]

Question 5

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

Held together by cartilage (hyaline or fibrous); actually connected, not just sliding over one another

Question 6

Describe synovial joints

Answer 6

Held together by a fibrous joint capsule & ligaments and contains a joint space between bone ends

Question 7

What is the functional classification of synovial joints?

Answer 7

Diarthrotic

Question 8

What is the functional classification of bony joints?

Answer 8

Synarthrotic

Question 9

What is the functional classification of fibrous joints?

Answer 9

Synarthrotic

Question 10

What is the functional classification of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 10

Amphiarthrotic

Question 11

When are bony joints usually formed?

Answer 11

During growth and development

Question 12

What type of connective tissue proper can be found in fibrous joints?

Answer 12

Dense

Question 13

Which structures produce synovial fluid? What kind of cells are responsible for this?

Answer 13

Synoviocytes in the synovial membrane

Question 14

What are the three kinds of synovial joint?

Answer 14

• Simple: Basic joint
• Compound: More than one bone enters joint capsule
• Complex: Joint cavity is divided into multiple parts by an intra-articular disc

Question 15

What is the axis of rotation that runs through the saggital plane?

Answer 15

Medio-lateral axis

Question 16

What types of movement run in the saggital plane?

Answer 16

Flexion and extension

Question 17

What axis runs through the coronal plane?

Answer 17

Antero-posterior

Question 18

What types of movement run in the coronal plane

Answer 18

Abduction and adduction

Question 19

What axis runs through the transverse plane?

Answer 19

Vertical

Question 20

What types of movement runs in the transverse plane?

Answer 20

Horizontal adduction/abduction

Question 21

Describe the articular surfaces of gliding joints

Answer 21

Extremely flat

Question 22

What do gliding joints allow for?

Answer 22

Small, gliding/sliding movements between two or more bones

Question 23

Describe the planes of movement of gliding joints

Answer 23

Non-axial

Question 24

Describe a hinge joint in terms of shapes

Answer 24

Cylindrical end fits into trough-shaped end, allowing for significant flexion and extension

Question 25

Describe the planes of movement of a hinge joint

Answer 25

Uniaxial

Question 26

What kind of motions do pivot joints allow for?

Answer 26

Significant rotating motions

Question 27

Describe the planes of movement of a pivot joint

Answer 27

Uniaxial

Question 28

Describe a pivot joint

Answer 28

A rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve composed of bone and/or ligaments

Question 29

Describe a condylar joint

Answer 29

An oval shaped articular surface of one bone end fits into a complementary ‘bowl-like’ depression on another

Question 30

Describe the planes of movement of a condylar joint

Answer 30

Two planes (biaxial): sagittal and coronal

Question 31

Describe a saddle joint

Answer 31

Each articular surface has both a concave and convex surface. The two convex articular surfaces interlock with one another at 90 degrees from each other, enabling for biaxial movement.

Question 32

Describe the planes of movement of a saddle joint

Answer 32

Biaxial (saggital and coronal)

Question 33

Describe the planes of movement of a ball and socket joint

Answer 33

Multiaxial

Question 34

What is a synarthrotic joint?

Answer 34

Immobile, with no movement

Question 35

What is an amphiarthrotic joint?

Answer 35

Partial, minor movements possible

Question 36

What is a diarthrotic joint?

Answer 36

Freely mobile, wide range of movements possible