6.8 Joints - Classification and Movement Flashcards
What is the surface of a bone that comes into contact with another bone called?
Articular surface
What are the four structural classifications of joints?
- Bony
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Describe a bony joint
Complete fusion of two bones
Describe fibrous joints
Held together by dense connective tissue [collagen fibres]
Describe cartilaginous joints
Held together by cartilage (hyaline or fibrous); actually connected, not just sliding over one another
Describe synovial joints
Held together by a fibrous joint capsule & ligaments and contains a joint space between bone ends
What is the functional classification of synovial joints?
Diarthrotic
What is the functional classification of bony joints?
Synarthrotic
What is the functional classification of fibrous joints?
Synarthrotic
What is the functional classification of cartilaginous joints?
Amphiarthrotic
When are bony joints usually formed?
During growth and development
What type of connective tissue proper can be found in fibrous joints?
Dense
Which structures produce synovial fluid? What kind of cells are responsible for this?
Synoviocytes in the synovial membrane
What are the three kinds of synovial joint?
- Simple: Basic joint
- Compound: More than one bone enters joint capsule
- Complex: Joint cavity is divided into multiple parts by an intra-articular disc
What is the axis of rotation that runs through the saggital plane?
Medio-lateral axis
What types of movement run in the saggital plane?
Flexion and extension
What axis runs through the coronal plane?
Antero-posterior
What types of movement run in the coronal plane
Abduction and adduction
What axis runs through the transverse plane?
Vertical
What types of movement runs in the transverse plane?
Horizontal adduction/abduction
Describe the articular surfaces of gliding joints
Extremely flat
What do gliding joints allow for?
Small, gliding/sliding movements between two or more bones
Describe the planes of movement of gliding joints
Non-axial
Describe a hinge joint in terms of shapes
Cylindrical end fits into trough-shaped end, allowing for significant flexion and extension
Describe the planes of movement of a hinge joint
Uniaxial
What kind of motions do pivot joints allow for?
Significant rotating motions
Describe the planes of movement of a pivot joint
Uniaxial
Describe a pivot joint
A rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve composed of bone and/or ligaments
Describe a condylar joint
An oval shaped articular surface of one bone end fits into a complementary ‘bowl-like’ depression on another
Describe the planes of movement of a condylar joint
Two planes (biaxial): sagittal and coronal
Describe a saddle joint
Each articular surface has both a concave and convex surface. The two convex articular surfaces interlock with one another at 90 degrees from each other, enabling for biaxial movement.
Describe the planes of movement of a saddle joint
Biaxial (saggital and coronal)
Describe the planes of movement of a ball and socket joint
Multiaxial
What is a synarthrotic joint?
Immobile, with no movement
What is an amphiarthrotic joint?
Partial, minor movements possible
What is a diarthrotic joint?
Freely mobile, wide range of movements possible
