10.1 Introduction to body defences Flashcards
List the five components of the static barriers of the innate immune system
- Skin
- Mucosa
- Stomach Acid
- Tears
- Microbiome
List the four components of the soluble barriers of the innate immune system
- Antimicrobial peptides
- Complement
- Opsonins
- Cytokines
List the five components of the cellular barriers of the innate immune system
- Macrophages
- Basophils/mast cells
- Natural killer cells
- Neutrophils
- Dendritic cells
List the two types of cells involved in adaptive immune response
- T cells
- B cells
List the six classes of immune cells involved in the innate immune response
- Natural killer cells
- Neutrophils
- Basophil/Mast Cell
- Monocyte
- Macrophage
- Dendritic Cell
List the two types of T cells
CD4 and CD8
How do natural killer cells perform their function
Triggering apoptosis
Neutrophil function
Phagocytose bacteria and viruses
Basophil/mast cell function
Inflammatory response; degranulating and releasing inflammatory mediators
What do monocytes differentiate into?
Macrophages (which have similar function to neutrophils)
Dendritic cell function
Capture and present antigens to CD4 T cells
CD4 T cell differentiation and subsequent function:
- Differentiates into t helper cells
- Secretes cytokines to help others
CD8 mechanism of action
Kills via apoptosis (basically the NKCs of the adaptive response)
B cell differentiation and function
Become plasma cells which produce antibodies
List the functions of skin
- Protection (infection, injury)
- Immunity
- Sensation (touch, pain, etc.)
- Thermoregulation
- Water balance (sweat)
- Waste excretion (urea, uric acid, NH3)
- Vitamin D production
What are the three layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
What type of tissue is within the epidermis?
Stratified epithelium (predominantly keratinocytes)
Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?
Avascular (needs connective tissue in dermis)
From bottom to top, name the five layers of the epidermis
- Stratum basal
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
Describe the structure and function of stratum basal
- Continuous layer of single columnar epithelial cells; constantly dividing
- Made of immature basal keratinocyte stem cells
- Ensures that above layers of the epidermis are produced
- Connected to basement membrane
Describe the structure and function of stratum spinosum
- “Pricke cell layer”: proteins of desmosomes for stretch and shock resistance
- Several layers
- Provides strength
Describe the structure and function the stratum granulosum
- Thin granular layer
- Cells contain keratin granules, and secrete keratin into extracellular space
Describe the structure and function the stratum lucidum
- Thin clear layer
- Only seen in thick skin (palms and soles)
- Filled with a clear, intermediate form of keratin called eleidin
Describe the structure and function the stratum corneum. What is the name of the process that results in constant replacement of these cells?
- Multiple layers of dead cells embedded in keratin
- Protective layer from environment
- Constant desquamation and replacement
