Week 3 (Revision-Optimised)

Question 1

What differentiates elastic arteries from muscular arteries?

Answer 1

Elastic: More elastic fibres
Muscular: More smooth muscle

Question 2

Where would elastic fibres and smooth muscle be found within an artery wall?

Answer 2

Tunica media

Question 3

Describe the beginning and end of lymphatic vessels

Answer 3

Start “blind” -> they are not continuous, they have a start and an end

Question 4

Arteries are ___ reservoirs, and veins are _____ reservoirs

Answer 4

Arteries: pressure reservoirs
Veins: blood reservoirs

Question 5

Describe the distribution of smooth muscle in the tunica media of veins

Answer 5

Patchy

Question 6

Do arteries or veins have more smooth muscle in their tunica media

Answer 6

Arteries

Question 7

Compare the lumen size of arteries and veins

Answer 7

Artery: Smaller
Veins: Larger

(Think: pressure)

Question 8

Compare the adventitia size of veins and arteries

Answer 8

Veins have larger adventitia than veins

Question 9

What are the three steps of haemostasis?

Answer 9

1. Vascular spasm
2. Platelet plug (platelets stick to exposed collagen)
3. Coagulation (draw flowchart)

Question 10

Does bone marrow produce more red blood cells or white blood cells?

Answer 10

White blood cells. They have a shorter half-life

Question 11

What stem cells are blood cells produced from?

Answer 11

Pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells

Question 12

What colour is active and inactive bone marrow?

Answer 12

Active: Red (Haemoglobin)
Inactive: Yellow (Adipose)

Question 13

Which organ detect reduced O2 carrying capacity of the blood to trigger haematopoiesis?

Answer 13

Kidneys

Question 14

What are the four starling forces?

Answer 14

Hydrostatic (interstitial and plasma)
Colloid osmotic (interstitial and plasma)

Question 15

What are the three effectors within the baroreceptor reflex?

Answer 15

• Vessels (vasoconstriction/dilation)
• Heart (increase/decrease HR)
• Adrenal gland (releases adrenaline and noradrenaline)