5.6 Neuro Anatomy & Physiology - Blood Supply of the Brain and Spinal Cord Flashcards
Roughly how much of the body’s total cardiac output goes to the brain?
20%
How much ATP is produced per molecule of glucose via aerobic vs anaerobic glycolysis?
Aerobic: 36
Anaerobic: 2
What does ischaemia mean?
Reduced/lack of blood supply
What does infarction mean?
Region of cell death due to ischaemia
What does penumbra mean?
Region of cells which are functionally compromised and injured but not dead. Can be restored if blood flow returns quickly.
Which blood vessels give rise to the posterior circulation?
Left and right vertebral arteries, which come from the left and right subclavian arteries, which come from the aortic arch
Which blood vessels give rise to the anterior circulation?
Internal carotid arteries (left & right) which come from the common carotid arteries (left and right) which come from the aortic arch
What percentage of circulation to the brain comes from the anterior and posterior circulation?
Anterior: 80%
Posterior 20%
What is the name of the structure that links the anterior and posterior circulations?
Circle of Willis
Where do the vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity?
Foramen magnum
Which three vessels do the vertebral arteries give rise to ? (inferior direction)
- Anterior/posterior spinal arteries
- Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
What is the biggest branch coming off the vertebral artery?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
What vessel is formed by the joining of the left and right vertebral arteries?
Basilar artery
What are the four branches of the basilar artery?
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- Pontine arteries
- Superior cerebellar arteries
- Posterior cerebral arteries
Describe the branching of the common carotid arteries?
CCA -> Internal and external CA -> External supplies face -> internal supplies anterior circulation (enters skull via carotid canal)
