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Foundations Of Medicine > 5.4 Neuro Anatomy and Physiology - CNS Features & Divisions > Flashcards

5.4 Neuro Anatomy and Physiology - CNS Features & Divisions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main parts of the brain

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
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2
Q

What are the five divisions of the brain?

A
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
  • Mesencephalon
  • Metencephalon
  • Myelencephalon
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3
Q

What is the function of the pons? What division of the brain is it in?

A
  • Pathway of information to and from the cerebellum.
  • Works with other parts of the brain to increase arousal
  • Metencephalon
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4
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata? What division of the brain is it in?

A
  • Breathing, heart rate, salivation, coughing sneezing
  • Myelencephalon
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5
Q

What kinds of stimulus is the cerebellum useful at switching between?

A
  • Visual
  • Auditory
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6
Q

In what division of the brain is the midbrain located?

A

Mesencephalon

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7
Q

What is the roof of the midbrain called?

A

Tectum

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8
Q

What is the floor of the midbrain called?

A

Tegmentum

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9
Q

What does “colliculus” mean?

A

Small hill/elevation

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10
Q

What does “peduncles” mean?

A

Stalk-like bundle of fibres

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11
Q

Which colliculi are important for which kind of stimulus?

A
  • Superior colliculus: visual
  • Inferior colliculus: auditory
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12
Q

In what section of the mesencephalon are the superior and inferior colliculi located?

A

The tectum

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13
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra?

A

Dopamine production

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14
Q

What is the role of periaqeuductal grey matter?

A

Pain suppression

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15
Q

Which two structures are in the tegmentum of the mesencephalon?

A
  • Substantia nigra
  • Periaqueductal grey matter (PAG)
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16
Q

What is another name for the cerebral peduncles?

A

Crus cerebri

17
Q

What do the cerebellar peduncles connect?

A

Cerebellum to:
- Medulla
- Pons
- Midbrain

18
Q

What two structures exist within the diencephalon?

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
19
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Relay sensory and motor information

20
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A
  • Controls hormone release (through hormone)
  • Affects “drive states”
  • Regulates emotional states
  • Homeostatic regulation
21
Q

What are the four sections of the cerebrum?

A
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Amygdala
  • Basal ganglia
  • Hippocampus
22
Q

What are the two examples of subcortical structures?

A
  • Limbic system
  • Basal ganglia
23
Q

What is an interesting fact about the hippocampus?

A

It can replicate, which is very uncommon for neurons.

24
Q

What is the basal ganglia involved in?

A

Movement control

25
Q

What does it mean that the cerebral cortex is gyrencephalic?

A

Folded into a series of gyri (“hills”)

26
Q

How many lobes are in the brain?

A

5

27
Q

Name the five lobes of the brain

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipetal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Insula
28
Q

What separates the parietal and frontal lobes?

A

Central sulcus

29
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?

A

Sylvian fissure

30
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Pre-central gyrus

31
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe of the brain? What gyrus is responsible for this?

A
  • Somatosensation
  • Post-central gyrus (primary sensory area)
32
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Language, hearing, memory

33
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

34
Q

What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

35
Q

What sulcus separates the superior and inferior sections of the occipital lobe?

A

Calcarine sulcus

36
Q

What is the function of the insula?

A
  • Motor control
  • Decision-making
  • Sensory

Foundations Of Medicine (98 decks)

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