5.4 Neuro Anatomy and Physiology - CNS Features & Divisions Flashcards
What are the three main parts of the brain
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brainstem
What are the five divisions of the brain?
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
What is the function of the pons? What division of the brain is it in?
- Pathway of information to and from the cerebellum.
- Works with other parts of the brain to increase arousal
- Metencephalon
What is the function of the medulla oblongata? What division of the brain is it in?
- Breathing, heart rate, salivation, coughing sneezing
- Myelencephalon
What kinds of stimulus is the cerebellum useful at switching between?
- Visual
- Auditory
In what division of the brain is the midbrain located?
Mesencephalon
What is the roof of the midbrain called?
Tectum
What is the floor of the midbrain called?
Tegmentum
What does “colliculus” mean?
Small hill/elevation
What does “peduncles” mean?
Stalk-like bundle of fibres
Which colliculi are important for which kind of stimulus?
- Superior colliculus: visual
- Inferior colliculus: auditory
In what section of the mesencephalon are the superior and inferior colliculi located?
The tectum
What is the function of the substantia nigra?
Dopamine production
What is the role of periaqeuductal grey matter?
Pain suppression
Which two structures are in the tegmentum of the mesencephalon?
- Substantia nigra
- Periaqueductal grey matter (PAG)
What is another name for the cerebral peduncles?
Crus cerebri
What do the cerebellar peduncles connect?
Cerebellum to:
- Medulla
- Pons
- Midbrain
What two structures exist within the diencephalon?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
What is the function of the thalamus?
Relay sensory and motor information
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
- Controls hormone release (through hormone)
- Affects “drive states”
- Regulates emotional states
- Homeostatic regulation
What are the four sections of the cerebrum?
- Cerebral cortex
- Amygdala
- Basal ganglia
- Hippocampus
What are the two examples of subcortical structures?
- Limbic system
- Basal ganglia
What is an interesting fact about the hippocampus?
It can replicate, which is very uncommon for neurons.
What is the basal ganglia involved in?
Movement control
What does it mean that the cerebral cortex is gyrencephalic?
Folded into a series of gyri (“hills”)
How many lobes are in the brain?
5
Name the five lobes of the brain
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Occipetal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Insula
What separates the parietal and frontal lobes?
Central sulcus
What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?
Sylvian fissure
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
Pre-central gyrus
What is the function of the parietal lobe of the brain? What gyrus is responsible for this?
- Somatosensation
- Post-central gyrus (primary sensory area)
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Language, hearing, memory
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Vision
What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
What sulcus separates the superior and inferior sections of the occipital lobe?
Calcarine sulcus
What is the function of the insula?
- Motor control
- Decision-making
- Sensory
