5.5 Neuro Anatomy & Physiology - CNS Functional Areas - CNS Functional Areas; CNS Protective Structures Flashcards
Describe the folded structure of the neo cortex? What is the function of this shape?
- Folded shape containing gyri (upper folds) and sulci (lower folds)
- Increases surface area of brain
What is the name of the fissure that divides the cerebral cortex?
Longitudinal fissure
What does “cortex” mean?
Superficial/outermost
What is the name of the layer of grey matter around the brain?
Cortical ribbon
What are the inner masses of grey matter in the brain called?
Cortical nuclei
How many layers are there in the cerebral cortex?
Six
What is the most common type of neuron in the cerebral cortex (in terms of shape)?
Pyramidal (there are many others; don’t need to know name)
Name and describe the functional unit of the cortex
- Circuit
- Column of interconnected neurons that come together in a column-shaped network
What are the three categories of cortical fibre types?
- Commissural: Connects left and right hemisphere
- Association: Connect parts within the same hemisphere
- Projection: Connects cerebral cortex with subcortical regions
What are the four sections of the corpus callosum?
- Rostrum (rostral side)
- Genu (knee-bend are)
- Body
- Splenium (thick, tapering region)
Give an example of an association fibre tract that connects two lobes of the brain
Cingulum
Give two examples of projection fibres
- Corona radiata
- Internal capsule
What is the function of the internal capsule?
- Sensory axons into the cerebral cortex
- Motor axons coming down through the internal capsule
- Allows communication between the cerebral cortex and brainstem
What are the two classifications of functional cortical areas?
- Primary
- Association
Is the basic structure of the cerebral cortex preserved across species?
Yes
What is the name of the structures that conceal the insula? What does this name translate to?
- Frontal Operculum
- Parietal Operculum
- Temporal Operculum
Operculum = “little lid”
What are the functional areas of the brain?
All five lobes (what are these?)
What is the function of association areas?
Add meaning and context to stimulus
What are the two kinds of associative areas?
Unimodal and heteromodal
Where are unimodal association areas usually located?
Next to their corresponding primary cortex
What is the difference between unimodal and heteromodal association areas?
Unimodal recieve interpret one kind of sensory input, whereas heteromodal recieve multiple
What do BA (Brodman’s Areas) 1, 2 and 3 correspond with?
Primary sensory cortex
What does BA 4 correspond with?
Primary motor cortex
What does BA 22 correspond with?
Speech comprehension
What does BA 44 correspond with?
Speech production
What does BA 17 correspond with?
Visual cortex
What does BA 41 correspond with
Primary auditory cortex
How many layers of the meninges?
Three
What are three structures that protect the central nervous system (outside moving in)
- Skeleton
- Meninges
- CSF
What are the three layers of the meninges?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid Mater
- Pia mater
What are the two layers of the dura mater?
- Periosteal
- Meningeal
What does the subarachnoid space allow for?
Reabsorption of CSF
What does the pia mater do?
Adheres to brain surface (glad wrap)
Describe the appearance of CSF
Clear, colourless
What is the function of CSF?
- Buoyancy and shock absoroption
- Nourishment
- Regulation of substances
What structures do CSF-producing ependymal cells create?
Choroid plexus
How much CSF is produced per day?
500mL
How much CSF is circulating in the brain at any one time?
80-150mL
How often is the entire volume of CSF replaced?
Every 8 hours
How is CSF generated?
Filtration of plasma from capillaries, through ependymal cells into ventricles of brain
Where does CSF exit the ventricular system?
Arachnoid granulation
