5.5 Neuro Anatomy & Physiology - CNS Functional Areas - CNS Functional Areas; CNS Protective Structures

Question 1

Describe the folded structure of the neo cortex? What is the function of this shape?

Answer 1

• Folded shape containing gyri (upper folds) and sulci (lower folds)
• Increases surface area of brain

Question 2

What is the name of the fissure that divides the cerebral cortex?

Answer 2

Longitudinal fissure

Question 3

What does “cortex” mean?

Answer 3

Superficial/outermost

Question 4

What is the name of the layer of grey matter around the brain?

Answer 4

Cortical ribbon

Question 5

What are the inner masses of grey matter in the brain called?

Answer 5

Cortical nuclei

Question 6

How many layers are there in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 6

Six

Question 7

What is the most common type of neuron in the cerebral cortex (in terms of shape)?

Answer 7

Pyramidal (there are many others; don’t need to know name)

Question 8

Name and describe the functional unit of the cortex

Answer 8

• Circuit
• Column of interconnected neurons that come together in a column-shaped network

Question 9

What are the three categories of cortical fibre types?

Answer 9

• Commissural: Connects left and right hemisphere
• Association: Connect parts within the same hemisphere
• Projection: Connects cerebral cortex with subcortical regions

Question 10

What are the four sections of the corpus callosum?

Answer 10

• Rostrum (rostral side)
• Genu (knee-bend are)
• Body
• Splenium (thick, tapering region)

Question 11

Give an example of an association fibre tract that connects two lobes of the brain

Answer 11

Cingulum

Question 12

Give two examples of projection fibres

Answer 12

• Corona radiata
• Internal capsule

Question 13

What is the function of the internal capsule?

Answer 13

• Sensory axons into the cerebral cortex
• Motor axons coming down through the internal capsule
• Allows communication between the cerebral cortex and brainstem

Question 14

What are the two classifications of functional cortical areas?

Answer 14

• Primary
• Association

Question 15

Is the basic structure of the cerebral cortex preserved across species?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What is the name of the structures that conceal the insula? What does this name translate to?

Answer 16

• Frontal Operculum
• Parietal Operculum
• Temporal Operculum

Operculum = “little lid”

Question 17

What are the functional areas of the brain?

Answer 17

All five lobes (what are these?)

Question 18

What is the function of association areas?

Answer 18

Add meaning and context to stimulus

Question 19

What are the two kinds of associative areas?

Answer 19

Unimodal and heteromodal

Question 20

Where are unimodal association areas usually located?

Answer 20

Next to their corresponding primary cortex

Question 21

What is the difference between unimodal and heteromodal association areas?

Answer 21

Unimodal recieve interpret one kind of sensory input, whereas heteromodal recieve multiple

Question 22

What do BA (Brodman’s Areas) 1, 2 and 3 correspond with?

Answer 22

Primary sensory cortex

Question 23

What does BA 4 correspond with?

Answer 23

Primary motor cortex

Question 24

What does BA 22 correspond with?

Answer 24

Speech comprehension

Question 25

What does BA 44 correspond with?

Answer 25

Speech production

Question 26

What does BA 17 correspond with?

Answer 26

Visual cortex

Question 27

What does BA 41 correspond with

Answer 27

Primary auditory cortex

Question 28

How many layers of the meninges?

Answer 28

Three

Question 29

What are three structures that protect the central nervous system (outside moving in)

Answer 29

• Skeleton
• Meninges
• CSF

Question 30

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Answer 30

• Dura mater
• Arachnoid Mater
• Pia mater

Question 31

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 31

• Periosteal
• Meningeal

Question 32

What does the subarachnoid space allow for?

Answer 32

Reabsorption of CSF

Question 33

What does the pia mater do?

Answer 33

Adheres to brain surface (glad wrap)

Question 34

Describe the appearance of CSF

Answer 34

Clear, colourless

Question 35

What is the function of CSF?

Answer 35

• Buoyancy and shock absoroption
• Nourishment
• Regulation of substances

Question 36

What structures do CSF-producing ependymal cells create?

Answer 36

Choroid plexus

Question 37

How much CSF is produced per day?

Answer 37

500mL

Question 38

How much CSF is circulating in the brain at any one time?

Answer 38

80-150mL

Question 39

How often is the entire volume of CSF replaced?

Answer 39

Every 8 hours

Question 40

How is CSF generated?

Answer 40

Filtration of plasma from capillaries, through ependymal cells into ventricles of brain

Question 41

Where does CSF exit the ventricular system?

Answer 41

Arachnoid granulation