8.8 Fuel Metabolism, Energy & Nutrition Requirements Flashcards
Define metabolism
The chemical reactions in living organisms that
maintain life.
List the macronutrients
- Proteins
- Carbs
- Fats
List the micronutrients
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Trace elements
Do micronutrients provide energy?
No. Only macronutrients.
What is the most energy-dense nutrient?
Fat
What factors influence energy requirements?
- Body size and composition
- Age-related changes
- Activity
- Basal metabolic rate
Which equations determine basal metabolic rate?
Henry Equations
Which are the essential dietary fatty acids?
Linolenic and alpha linolenic
What are the two omega 3 fatty acids?
DHA and EPA
What are some health effects of omega 3 fatty acids?
- Alleviate inflammation
- Negative association with cardiovascular disease
What are some sources of omega 3?
- Oily fish
- Nuts
Effect of trans fatty acids on lipoprotein profile
- Increase LDL
- Decrease HDL
What are the only essential requirements for fat?
- Essential fatty acids
- Vitamin absorption
What are the four types of carbohydrates?
- Sugars
- Starches
- Oligosaccharides
- Dietary Fibre
How can resistant oligosaccharides have a cariogenic effect?
- Dental bacteria metabolises them to produce organic acids
- Leads to tooth decay
Recommended Daily Intake
Average amount of a nutrient needed for the requirements of nearly all people of a specific age and gender.
Estimated average requirements
The amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals of one age and gender (median intake)
Adequate intakes
Based on the mean intake of people who don’t have a deficiency
Suggested daily targets
Amount required to prevent/reduce risk of chronic disease
Upper limits
The highest nutrient intake that won’t cause toxicity or other negative effects
Estimated energy requirements
Average amount of energy predicted to maintain weight and good health
Acceptable macronutrient distribution range
Estimated range required for each macronutrient (as % of total energy) that would allow for intake of other nutrients whilst maximising health
