3.3 Blood Flashcards
What percentage of blood is made of plasma?
55%
What is the buffy coat made of? What percentage of the blood is made of the buffy coat?
White blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets
<1%
Serum vs Plasma
Serum: Blood that has been clotted
Plasma: Blood that hasn’t been clotted
What is hematocrit?
A measure of the proportion of red blood cells in blood
What is plasma mostly made of?
Water
What are the components of Plasma?
- Water
- Electrolytes
- Nutrients (+ metabolic waste, hormones, gases)
- Plasma proteins
Do red blood cells have nuclei?
No
What are the five types of leukocytes?
- Neutrophils: Destroy and engulf invading bacteria (producing cytotoxic levels of NO)
- Lymphocytes: B and T
- Monoctyes (becoming macrophages) engulf foreign particles
- Eosinophils: allergic responses, parasitic response
- Basophils: allergic response, release histamine (vasodilate) and heparin (anticoagulant)
Are platelets cellular or acellular?
Acellular
Which stem cells are blood cells derived from?
Pluripotent Haematopoietic stem cells
How do the kidneys regulate the number of erythrocytes?
- Kidneys detect reduced oxygen capacity of blood
- Erythropoietin is released, stimulating erythropoietin by bone marrow
- Original stimulus is relieved
List the types of mononuclear agranulocytes
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
List the types of polymorphonuclear granulocytes
- Neutrophil
- Basophil
- Eosinophil
Life spans of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets
Leukocytes: 6 hours (except memory lymphocytes)
Erythrocytes: 120 days
Platelets: 8 days
How does the shape of platelets change from when they are inactive to when they are active?
Inactive: Disc shaped
Active: small, sticky projections (spiky-looking)
