10.3 Cells and Tissues of the Immune System

Question 1

Which two lineages can haematopoietic stem cells delineate into?

Answer 1

• Myeloid
• Lymphoid

Question 2

Draw a diagram of lymphoid progenitor differentiation

Question 3

Where are T cells made? Where do they mature?

Answer 3

Made in bone marrow; matured in thymus. (Both B and T cells are made in the bone marrow)

Question 4

What cells do granulocytes differentiate from? List three types of granulocytes

Answer 4

• Arise from common myeloid progenitor
• Granulocytes are BEN (basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils)

Question 5

What type of invader are esoinophils good at fighting against?

Answer 5

Parasites

Question 6

Other than granulocytes, what three other cell types can myeloid progenitor cells become?

Answer 6

• Megakaryocyte (what do they become?)
• Erthryoblast (what do they become?)
• Monocyte (what do they become?)

Question 7

Can monocytes only differentiate exclusively into macrophages when they move into tissue?

Answer 7

No: they can also become dendritic cells

Question 8

List some primary lymphoid organs

Answer 8

• Bone marrow
• Thymus

Question 9

What is the purpose of B and T cell “education”?

Answer 9

Eliminate B and T cells that recognises self (prevents autoimmunity)

Question 10

Where do mature lymphocytes reside?

Answer 10

Peripheral lymph tissues

Question 11

What occurs at secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 11

MATURE lymphocytes:
- Encounter antigens
- Differentiate into effector cells

Question 12

What are the two secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 12

• Spleen
• Lymph nodes

Question 13

What type of antigens do lymph nodes filter?

Answer 13

Tissue-borne antigens

Question 14

What types of antigens does the spleen filter?

Answer 14

Blood-borne antigens

Question 15

What tissue filters mucosal-borne antigenbs?

Answer 15

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 16

What is the functional tissue of the lymph node known as?

Answer 16

Parenchyma

Question 17

Describe the different layers of lymph node parenchyma. What cells are in these areas?

Answer 17

• Cortex (predominantly B)
• Paracortex (predominantly T)
• Medullary cords
• Medulla (B and T)

Question 18

By what vessels does lymph enter and exit lymph nodes?

Answer 18

Enter: lymph node artery
Exit: Efferent Lymphatic vessel

Question 19

Draw a flow chart of lymphocyte trafficking

Question 20

At what point in the lymphatic vein do lymphcytes enter the lymph node

Answer 20

High endothelial venule (HEV)

Question 21

cytkoine diameter

Answer 21

5-20 kDa

Question 22

Give four examples of cytokines

Answer 22

• Interleukins (IL)
• Interferons (IF)
• Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)
• Chemokine

Question 23

Draw a diagram of the inflammatory response (including cytokines)

Answer 23

10.3.docx

Question 24

Describe the role of autocrine IL-2 communication on naive CD4 cells

Answer 24

• Activates CD4 cell
• Causes CD4 cell to proliferate

Question 25

Name two cytokines involved in the inflammatory response

Answer 25

• IL-1
• TNF alpha

Question 26

Describe the mechanism of interferon alpha and beta

Answer 26

• Cell gets sick
• Can’t save itself, but can warn others
• Releases INF beta and alpha
• Neighbouring cells inhibit viral replication (unless evaded)

Question 27

Describe the mechanism of chemokines

Answer 27

Recruitment of cells (follow gradient towards site of infection)